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A Structural Model of Childcare, Welfare, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers

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Author Info
Andrén, Thomas () (Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University)

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Abstract

This paper considers the simultaneous relationship of the single mother’s decision to choose paid childcare, welfare participation and labor supply, and estimates a structural model that allows for a free error covariance. We use a discrete approach to the choice of labor supply together with the discrete choices of utilized paid childcare and welfare participation, which allow formulating the model as a multiple-choice problem. The results show that there is an association between social assistance, paid childcare and labor supply, but that the relationship is non-symmetric. An increase in the social assistance norms has a relatively small effect on paid childcare utilization, but a relatively larger effect on the mean labor supply. In contrast, a corresponding reduction in the childcare cost has a relatively large effect on the social assistance utilization but a relatively small effect on the mean labor supply. Our estimates suggest that a decrease in childcare cost increases the labor supply of those working rather than encourages non-workers to start work, which implies that childcare cost is foremost a barrier to fulltime work rather then a barrier to work at all.

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File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2848
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Göteborg University, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers in Economics with number 82.

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Length: 40 pages
Date of creation: 30 Sep 2002
Date of revision:
Publication status: Published in Labour Economics, 2003, pages 133-147.
Handle: RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0082

Note: Published as "The choice of paid childcare, welfare, and labor supply of single mothers" in Labour Economics
Contact details of provider:
Postal: Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University Box 640, SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG, Sweden
Phone: 031-773 10 00
Web page: http://www.handels.gu.se/econ/
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For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its listing, contact: (Jens Anmark).

Related research
Keywords: labor supply; paid childcare; welfare participation; structural model; simulated maximum likelihood; Halton draws;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. James J. Heckman, 1974. "Effects of Child-Care Programs on Women's Work Effort," NBER Chapters, in: Marriage, Family, Human Capital, and Fertility, pages 136-169 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Keane, Michael & Moffitt, Robert, 1998. "A Structural Model of Multiple Welfare Program Participation and Labor Supply," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 39(3), pages 553-89, August.
    Other versions:
  3. Ribar, D.C., 1990. "Child Care And The Labor Supply Of Married Women: Reducted Form Evidence," Papers 9-90-9, Pennsylvania State - Department of Economics.
  4. Kimmel, Jean, 1995. "The Effectiveness of Child-Care Subsidies in Encouraging the Welfare-to-Work Transition of Low-Income Single Mothers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 85(2), pages 271-75, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Fraker, Thomas & Moffitt, Robert, 1988. "The effect of food stamps on labor supply : A bivariate selection model," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 25-56, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Danziger, Sheldon & Haveman, Robert & Plotnick, Robert, 1981. "How Income Transfer Programs Affect Work, Savings, and the Income Distribution: A Critical Review," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 19(3), pages 975-1028, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Keane, Michael P, 1994. "A Computationally Practical Simulation Estimator for Panel Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(1), pages 95-116, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Connelly, Rachel, 1992. "The Effect of Child Care Costs on Married Women's Labor Force Participation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 74(1), pages 83-90, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Cogan, John F, 1981. "Fixed Costs and Labor Supply," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 945-63, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Susan L. Averett & H. Elizabeth Peters & Donald M. Waldman, 1997. "Tax Credits, Labor Supply, And Child Care," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 79(1), pages 125-135, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  11. McFadden, Daniel, 1989. "A Method of Simulated Moments for Estimation of Discrete Response Models without Numerical Integration," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(5), pages 995-1026, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  12. Blau, David M & Robins, Philip K, 1988. "Child-Care Costs and Family Labor Supply," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 70(3), pages 374-81, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Jean Kimmel, 1998. "Child Care Costs As A Barrier To Employment For Single And Married Mothers," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(2), pages 287-299, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. James J. Heckrnan, 1974. "Effects of Child-Care Programs on Women's Work Effort," NBER Chapters, in: Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital, pages 491-524 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
  15. Rachel Connelly & Jean Kimmel, 2001. "The Effect of Child Care Costs on the Labor Force Participation and Welfare Recipiency of Single Mothers: Implications for Welfare Reform," Staff Working Papers 01-69, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Ribar, David C, 1995. "A Structural Model of Child Care and the Labor Supply of Married Women," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 13(3), pages 558-97, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  17. Kenneth Train, 2003. "Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation," Online economics textbooks, SUNY-Oswego, Department of Economics, number emetr2, March. [Downloadable!]
  18. Moffitt, Robert, 1983. "An Economic Model of Welfare Stigma," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(5), pages 1023-35, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Philippe Chone & David le Blanc & Isabelle Robert-Bobee, 2003. "Female Labor Supply and Child Care in France," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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