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Propriété intellectuelle et globalisation: des TRIPS au modèle open-source. Les exemples des médicaments et du logiciel

Author

Listed:
  • Fabienne Orsi

    (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD - Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale)

  • Jean-Benoît Zimmermann

    (GREQAM - Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Si la globalisation a été largement étudiée sous l'angle du commerce, des investissements directs et de la finance, un aspect sans doute moins habituellement perçu et pourtant essentiel est celui de l'inéluctable renforcement et de l'harmonisation des régimes de propriété intellectuelle à l'échelle mondiale. Dans cet article, nous montrons comment la protection de la propriété intellectuelle, présentée comme un allant de soi, s'est vue singulièrement renforcée dès les années 1980 aux États-Unis, donnant naissance à des nouveaux standards de protection dont la généralisation passera par les accords fondateurs de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce en 1994. Nous verrons que cette harmonisation, si elle conforte la compétitivité des grandes entreprises n'est pas sans conséquences profondes sur les conditions de la concurrence au plan mondial et sur les économies et les sociétés les moins développées. Prenant appui sur les exemples du logiciel informatique et des médicaments, nous analysons la manière dont ces nouvelles mesures peuvent impacter lourdement le paysage économique et social, malgré les mesures de sauvegarde mises en place. En guise de conclusion et d'ouverture, nous évoquons l'hypothèse alternative d'un modèle « open-source » dans lequel la connaissance recouvrirait un statut de bien commun.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabienne Orsi & Jean-Benoît Zimmermann, 2011. "Propriété intellectuelle et globalisation: des TRIPS au modèle open-source. Les exemples des médicaments et du logiciel," Working Papers halshs-00561477, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00561477
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00561477
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    References listed on IDEAS

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