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De gré ou de force : le microcrédit comme dispositif néolibéral

Author

Listed:
  • Cyril Fouillet

    (ESSCA Research Lab - ESSCA - Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers)

  • Isabelle Guérin

    (CESSMA UMRD 245 - Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, IFP - Institut Français de Pondichéry - MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Solène Morvant-Roux

    (UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva)

  • Jean-Michel Servet

    (IHEID - Graduate Institute of International and Development studies)

Abstract

Le secteur du microcrédit a fait face à plusieurs crises d'impayés ces dernières années. A partir d'enquêtes menées en Inde, au Maroc et en République dominicaine, cet article montre que ces crises n'ont en rien ébranlé l'un des mythes à l'origine de ces crises : la croyance en les capacités autorégulatrices par le marché. L'objectif de croissance reste prioritaire (même si c'est à des degrés divers selon les contextes) et se traduit à la fois par des pratiques actives de démarchage (il ne s'agit plus de répondre à une demande, mais de la créer) et une focalisation sur un segment finalement très restreint de la clientèle, celle qui a déjà fait ses preuves. Une lecture de ces crises en termes d'économie politique permet également de resituer le microcrédit dans l'évolution des politiques dites de « développement » axées sur l'inclusion financière. En normant les comportements des populations, le microcrédit apparaît alors comme révélateur d'un dispositif néolibéral au sens de Michel Foucault.

Suggested Citation

  • Cyril Fouillet & Isabelle Guérin & Solène Morvant-Roux & Jean-Michel Servet, 2016. "De gré ou de force : le microcrédit comme dispositif néolibéral," Post-Print ird-01471313, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:ird-01471313
    DOI: 10.3917/rtm.225.0021
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://ird.hal.science/ird-01471313
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Morvant-Roux, Solène & Guérin, Isabelle & Roesch, Marc & Moisseron, Jean-Yves, 2014. "Adding Value to Randomization with Qualitative Analysis: The Case of Microcredit in Rural Morocco," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 302-312.
    2. Guérin, Isabelle & Labie, Marc & Servet, Jean-Michel (ed.), 2015. "The Crises of Microcredit," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9781783603756, Febrero.
    3. Isabelle Gu�rin & Bert D'Espallier & Govindan Venkatasubramanian, 2013. "Debt in Rural South India: Fragmentation, Social Regulation and Discrimination," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(9), pages 1155-1171, September.
    4. Abhijit V. Banerjee & Benjamin Moll, 2010. "Why Does Misallocation Persist?," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 2(1), pages 189-206, January.
    5. D’Espallier, Bert & Hudon, Marek & Szafarz, Ariane, 2013. "Unsubsidized microfinance institutions," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 174-176.
    6. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Isabelle Guérin & Magdalena Isaurralde & Mariam Sangaré, 2018. "Faire du business pour le social ou grâce au social : l’exemple de l’inclusion financière," Post-Print ird-02112865, HAL.

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