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Employment Trajectories among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder: Can Evidence-Based Treatment Improve Outcomes?

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Abstract

Using administrative records of Medicaid enrollees in Rhode Island that link their health-care information with their payroll employment records, this paper produces new stylized facts concerning the association between opioid use disorder (OUD) and employment and inquires as to whether treatment with FDA-approved medications might boost the job-finding rates of OUD patients. We find that individuals diagnosed with OUD are less likely to be employed compared with other Medicaid enrollees, that their employment tends to be more intermittent, and that they face increased job-separation risk following their initial diagnosis. In addition, commencing treatment with buprenorphine is associated with an increased job-finding rate among nonemployed OUD patients, while commencing methadone treatment is not associated with any significant change in job-finding rates. The job-separation rate and job-finding rate results are based on Cox proportional hazard regressions that control for numerous potential confounding factors. The paper discusses a variety of causal and noncausal explanations for these results in addition to their potential policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Mary A. Burke & Katherine Grace Carman & Riley Sullivan & Hefei Wen & James Frank Wharam & Hao Yu, 2022. "Employment Trajectories among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder: Can Evidence-Based Treatment Improve Outcomes?," Working Papers 22-25, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedbwp:95397
    DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.25
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jeremy Greenwood & Nezih Guner & Karen A. Kopecky, 2022. "Substance Abuse during the Pandemic: Implications for Labor-Force Participation," Economie d'Avant Garde Research Reports 35, Economie d'Avant Garde.
    2. Mary A. Burke & Katherine Grace Carman & Riley Sullivan & Hefei Wen & James Frank Wharam & Hao Yu, 2021. "Who Gets Medication-assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, and Does It Reduce Overdose Risk? Evidence from the Rhode Island All-payer Claims Database," Working Papers 21-3, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    3. Robert Shimer, 2008. "The Probability of Finding a Job," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(2), pages 268-273, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    opioid use disorder; employment; job-finding rate; buprenorphine; methadone; Medicaid; Rhode Island;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior

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