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Efectos de la privatización de servicios públicos en Chile: Casos sanitario, electricidad y telecomunicaciones (Effects of privatization on public services in Chile: The case of the sanitary, electricity and telecommunications sectors)

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  • Ronald Fischer
  • Pablo Serra

Abstract

Este trabajo realiza una evaluación completa de la evolución, regulación, efectos sobre el bienestar, eficiencia y rentabilidad de los servicios públicos privatizados en Chile. Nuestra evaluación general es positiva. La inversión aumentó en los distintos sectores, lo que permitió mejorar la cobertura de los servicios en aquellos casos en que ésta era baja, y aumentar la calidad y variedad de los servicios, especialmente en telecomunicaciones. La calidad y los costos de los servicios son similares a los de países desarrollados. Otro aspecto positivo es el aumento de eficiencia, el cual se refleja en un sostenido crecimiento de la productividad laboral. También existen fuertes indicaciones de un uso más eficiente del capital, aunque ello podría deberse al cambio tecnológico. Los resultados de la privatización de estos servicios depende de la calidad de la regulación, y es difícil separar los efectos de la privatización de aquellos que se deben a la competencia, a la regulación o al cambio tecnológico. En algunos casos esto es posible, como ocurre al comparar servicios en competencia con sectores privatizados pero regulados en el mismo sector, o cuando se compara un servicio monopólico privado con uno público. En general, la competencia ha sido más efectiva que los reguladores en generar buenos resultados en los servicios públicos privatizados. Sin embargo, los reguladores han aprendido de la experiencia. En los últimos procesos tarifarios han tendido a imponer tarifas que promueven la eficiencia, lo cual ha reducido los márgenes de las empresas. Por último, la privatización le ha permitido al Estado tomar un rol subsidiario en la provisión de servicios de utilidad pública, concentrándose en facilitar el acceso universal a los servicios mediante subsidios focalizados.

Suggested Citation

  • Ronald Fischer & Pablo Serra, 2004. "Efectos de la privatización de servicios públicos en Chile: Casos sanitario, electricidad y telecomunicaciones (Effects of privatization on public services in Chile: The case of the sanitary, electric," Documentos de Trabajo 186, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
  • Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:186
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    3. Jean-Jacques Laffont & Jean Tirole, 2001. "Competition in Telecommunications," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262621509, December.
    4. Bjorn Wellenius, 2000. "Extending Telecommunications beyond the Market : Toward Universal Service in Competitive Environments," World Bank Publications - Reports 11439, The World Bank Group.
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