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Spatial Inequality in Education and Health Care in China

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Author Info
Kanbur, Ravi
Zhang, Xiaobo

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Abstract

While increasing income inequality in China has been commented on and studied extensively, relatively little analysis is available on inequality in other dimensions of human development. Using data from different sources, this Paper presents some basic facts on the evolution of spatial inequalities in education and healthcare in China over the long run. In the era of economic reforms, as the foundations of education and healthcare provision have changed, so has the distribution of illiteracy and infant mortality. Across provinces and within provinces, between rural and urban areas and within rural and urban areas, social inequalities have increased substantially since the reforms began.

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Paper provided by C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers in its series CEPR Discussion Papers with number 4136.

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Date of creation: Dec 2003
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Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4136

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Related research
Keywords: illiteracy; infant mortality rate; polarization; spatial inequality in china;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O15 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
O18 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Dennis Tao Yang, 1999. "Urban-Biased Policies and Rising Income Inequality in China," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(2), pages 306-310, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Kanbur, Ravi & Zhang, Xiaobo, 2001. "Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China: A Journey through Revolution, Reform and Openness," CEPR Discussion Papers 2887, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Banister, Judith & Zhang, Xiaobo, 2005. "China, Economic Development and Mortality Decline," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 21-41, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Kanbur, Ravi & Zhang, Xiaobo, 1999. "Which Regional Inequality? The Evolution of Rural-Urban and Inland-Coastal Inequality in China from 1983 to 1995," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 686-701, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Chen, Shaohua & Ravallion, Martin, 1996. "Data in transition: Assessing rural living standards in Southern China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 23-56. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Chong-En Bai & David D. Li & Zhigang Tao & Yijiang Wang, 2001. "A Multi-Task Theory of the State Enterprise Reform," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 367, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross Business School. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Khan, Azizur Rahman & Griffin, Keith & Riskin, Carl & Renwei, Zhao, 1993. "Sources of income inequality in post-reform China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 19-35. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Zhang, Xiaobo & Fan, Shenggen & Zhang, Linxiu & Huang, Jikun, 2004. "Local governance and public goods provision in rural China," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 2857-2871, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Xiaobo Zhang & Ravi Kanbur, 2001. "What difference do polarisation measures make? an application to China," The Journal of Development Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 85-98, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Sen, Amartya, 1992. "Life and death in China: A reply," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 20(9), pages 1305-1312, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. West, Loraine A & Wong, Christine P W, 1995. "Fiscal Decentralization and Growing Regional Disparities in Rural China: Some Evidence in the Provision of Social Services," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 11(4), pages 70-84, Winter.
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Era Dabla-Norris, 2005. "Issues in Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in China," IMF Working Papers 05/30, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  2. Chaudhuri, Shubham & Ravallion, Martin, 2006. "Partially awakened giants : uneven growth in China and India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4069, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  3. Uchimura, Hiroko & Jutting, Johannes, 2007. "Fiscal Decentralization, Chinese Style: Good for Health Outcomes?," IDE Discussion Papers 111, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO). [Downloadable!]
  4. Reuter, Ulrich, 2006. "What Kind of Education Does China Need? The Impact of Educational Attainment on Local Growth and Disparities," Working Papers RP2006/127, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
  5. Adam Wagstaff & Winnie Yip & Magnus Lindelow & William C. Hsiao, 2009. "China's health system and its reform: a review of recent studies," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(S2), pages S7-S23. [Downloadable!]
  6. Sudip Ranjan Basu, 2007. "Comparing China and India: Is dividend of economic reforms polarized?," HEI Working Papers 01-2007, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies. [Downloadable!]
  7. Blanchard, Olivier J & Giavazzi, Francesco, 2006. "Rebalancing Growth in China: A Three-Handed Approach," CEPR Discussion Papers 5403, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Mukherjee, Anit & Zhang, Xiaobo, 2005. "Rural non-farm development in China and India," DSGD discussion papers 24, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
  9. Lee, Min-Dong Paul, 2006. "Widening Gap of Educational Opportunity? A Longitudinal Study of Educational Inequality in China," Working Papers RP2006/66, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
  10. Xing, Li & Fan, Shenggen & Luo, Xiaopeng & Zhang, Xiaobo, 2006. "Village Inequality in Western China," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25390, International Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
  11. Lida Fan, 2009. "Measuring Interprovincial Flows of Human Capital in China: 1995–2000," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 367-387, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Karen Eggleston & Li Ling & Meng Qingyue & Magnus Lindelow & Adam Wagstaff, 2008. "Health service delivery in China: a literature review," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(2), pages 149-165. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  13. Win Lin Chou & Zijun Wang, 2009. "Regional inequality in China's health care expenditures," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(S2), pages S137-S146. [Downloadable!]
  14. Sicular, Terry & Yue, Ximing & Gustafsson, Bjorn & Li, Shi, 2006. "The Urban-Rural Income Gap and Inequality in China," Working Papers RP2006/135, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  15. Lindbeck, Assar, 2006. "Economic-Social Interaction during China’s Transition," Working Paper Series 680, Research Institute of Industrial Economics. [Downloadable!]
  16. Saccone Donatella, 2008. "Educational inequality and educational poverty. The chinese case in the period 1975-2004," Department of Economics Working Papers 200808, University of Turin. [Downloadable!]
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