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Proximidades en el aprendizaje tecnológico: aportes metodológicos para el estudio de los entramados locales en América Latina

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  • María Eugenia Castelao Caruana
  • Mariel de Vita
  • Pablo Lavarello

Abstract

La difusión de nuevas tecnologías en el marco de una creciente internacionalización de la producción representa un desafío para las economías latinoamericanas, debido a su impacto en las trayectorias de especialización y diversificación de los entramados productivos locales y la intensificación de procesos asimétricos e incompletos de aprendizaje. El enfoque de las proximidades ofrece elementos teórico-metodológicos útiles para aprehender el rol de las condiciones geográficas y no geográficas que operan en los procesos de aprendizaje e innovación. Sin embargo, este enfoque ha sido desarrollado con base en estudios teóricos y empíricos que analizan los procesos innovativos en países desarrollados y cuestionan la relevancia de la proximidad geográfica en estos procesos. Este artículo propone reflexionar sobre este enfoque y repensar su abordaje conceptual y su diseno metodológico para analizar procesos de innovación en los entramados tecno-productivos de América Latina. El análisis muestra que el estudio de este fenómeno —desde el enfoque de las proximidades— debe considerar su carácter complejo e indisociable del contexto y, por lo tanto, la importancia del estudio de caso como método de investigación, así como la tensión existente entre las dinámicas globales, locales y el papel ineludible de los Estados en estos procesos.

Suggested Citation

  • María Eugenia Castelao Caruana & Mariel de Vita & Pablo Lavarello, 2021. "Proximidades en el aprendizaje tecnológico: aportes metodológicos para el estudio de los entramados locales en América Latina," Ensayos de Economía 20138, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:020138
    DOI: 10.15446/ede.v31n59.93273
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    proximidades; innovación; entramados locales; aprendizaje tecnológico; metodología económica.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • B14 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Socialist; Marxist

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