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Measuring financial inclusion in the main euro area countries: the role of electronic cards

Author

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  • Giorgio Nuzzo

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Stefano Piermattei

    (Bank of Italy)

Abstract

Since financial inclusion has become a policy target in many countries, it is crucial to measure it properly. The usual indexes of financial inclusion include inappropriate variables and do not take into account other relevant aspects, thus misrepresenting the phenomenon. In this paper, we focus on the distribution of electronic cards, generally not included in the usual indexes of financial inclusion even if they provide alternatives to usual saving practices and make transactions across larger markets and wider geographic areas less costly. We show that if we also take account of these instruments, the comparative valuation of the degree of financial inclusion across the main euro-area countries changes substantially. We also employ survey data to analyse cross-country differences in the degree of financial inclusion and the distribution of multidimensional deprivations of specific sub-groups of populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Giorgio Nuzzo & Stefano Piermattei, 2019. "Measuring financial inclusion in the main euro area countries: the role of electronic cards," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 504, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_504_19
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    Cited by:

    1. Tram, Thi Xuan Huong & Lai, Tien Dinh & Nguyen, Thi Truc Huong, 2023. "Constructing a composite financial inclusion index for developing economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 257-265.
    2. Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo & Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, 2019. "The Role of the World Bank in the Inclusive Financing of Tourism as an Instrument of Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-21, December.
    3. Guerino Ardizzi & Elisa Bonifacio & Cristina Demma & Laura Painelli, 2020. "Regional Differences in Retail Payment Habits in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 576, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    financial inclusion; payment instruments; electronic cards;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid

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