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Payment Coordination and Liquidity Efficiency in the New Canadian Wholesale Payments System

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  • Francisco Rivadeneyra
  • Nellie Zhang

Abstract

A new wholesale payments system will launch in Canada in 2021. This real-time gross settlement system called Lynx will have two types of settlement mechanisms, one allowing offsetting and the other not. This paper studies the decision problem of the Bank of Canada: which of the two settlement mechanisms should it use to send its payments. Using extensive simulation, we show that, mainly due to the benefits of liquidity pooling, Lynx would achieve its highest liquidity efficiency—even better than that of the current Large Value Transfer System (LVTS)—if all payments (urgent and non-urgent) from all participants were sent to the mechanism allowing offsetting. The minimum amount of liquidity required to settle all payments by critical deadlines is approximately $10 billion, around half the amount of collateral that LVTS participants allocate (pre–COVID-19). Since time-critical payments sent to the offsetting mechanism could experience a delay, the high level of liquidity efficiency is accompanied by an increase in the number of participants' operational interventions (to pledge more collateral or to alter payment priorities) to ensure that those time-critical payments are never delayed. When coordination does not occur, liquidity efficiency can be far lower than in the LVTS. The results highlight that the Bank of Canada helping with coordination is more important than the specific choice of mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Rivadeneyra & Nellie Zhang, 2022. "Payment Coordination and Liquidity Efficiency in the New Canadian Wholesale Payments System," Discussion Papers 2022-3, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocadp:22-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin, Antoine & McAndrews, James, 2008. "Liquidity-saving mechanisms," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 554-567, April.
    2. Martin, Antoine & McAndrews, James, 2010. "A study of competing designs for a liquidity-saving mechanism," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1818-1826, August.
    3. Neville Arjani, 2006. "Examining the Trade-Off between Settlement Delay and Intraday Liquidity in Canada's LVTS: A Simulation Approach," Staff Working Papers 06-20, Bank of Canada.
    4. Bech, Morten L. & Garratt, Rod, 2003. "The intraday liquidity management game," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 198-219, April.
    5. James Chapman & Jonathan Chiu & Sajjad Jafri & Héctor Pérez Saiz, 2015. "Public Policy Objectives and the Next Generation of CPA Systems: An Analytical Framework," Discussion Papers 15-6, Bank of Canada.
    6. Enghin Atalay & Antoine Martin & James J. McAndrews, 2008. "The welfare effects of a liquidity-saving mechanism," Staff Reports 331, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    7. Marius Jurgilas & Antoine Martin, 2013. "Liquidity-saving mechanisms in collateral-based RTGS payment systems," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 29-60, February.
    8. Francisco Rivadeneyra & Nellie Zhang, 2020. "Liquidity Usage and Payment Delay Estimates of the New Canadian High Value Payments System," Discussion Papers 2020-9, Bank of Canada.
    9. Pablo S. Castro & Ajit Desai & Han Du & Rodney Garratt & Francisco Rivadeneyra, 2021. "Estimating Policy Functions in Payments Systems Using Reinforcement Learning," Staff Working Papers 21-7, Bank of Canada.
    10. Antoine Martin & James J. McAndrews, 2008. "An economic analysis of liquidity-saving mechanisms," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 14(Sep), pages 25-39.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ajit Desai & Zhentong Lu & Hiru Rodrigo & Jacob Sharples & Phoebe Tian & Nellie Zhang, 2023. "From LVTS to Lynx: Quantitative Assessment of Payment System Transition," Staff Working Papers 23-24, Bank of Canada.
    2. Christopher McMahon & Donald McGillivray & Ajit Desai & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Jean-Paul Lam & Thomas Lo & Danica Marsden & Vladimir Skavysh, 2022. "Improving the Efficiency of Payments Systems Using Quantum Computing," Staff Working Papers 22-53, Bank of Canada.
    3. Rodney J. Garratt & Zhentong Lu & Phoebe Tian, 2023. "How Banks Create Gridlock to Save Liquidity in Canada's Large Value Payment System," Staff Working Papers 23-26, Bank of Canada.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Payment clearing and settlement systems;

    JEL classification:

    • C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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