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Social Demographics and Health Achievements An Ecological Analysis of Institutional Delivery and Immunization Coverage in India

Author

Listed:
  • Saroj Kumar
  • Abhishek Kumar
  • Rakesh Kumar
  • William Joe

    (Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi)

Abstract

The National Rural Health Mission of India was expected to have two broad kinds of impacts on institutional delivery and immunization coverage. First, to significantly increase institutional delivery and immunization coverage levels across all districts and, second, to enhance equity by reducing utilization gaps between districts with higher and lower share of marginalised population. This paper adopts a lens of social demography and presents an ecological analysis of poor performing districts in nine high focus States of India. We find that between year 2007-08 and 2012-13 there has been considerable progress in institutional delivery across all the districts but improvements in full immunization coverage has been slow and many districts are failing to sustain progress in immunization coverage. Econometric analysis reveals that districts with higher shares of Muslims display slowest progress. The association is robust even in models adjusted for district-level clustering. Districts with greater availability of specialists in public health facilities have a favorable impact on institutional births whereas female literacy levels have significant influence on immunization. In concluding, we discuss the need for policy debiasing as more than a uniform approach is necessary to facilitate rapid progress in immunization across districts.

Suggested Citation

  • Saroj Kumar & Abhishek Kumar & Rakesh Kumar & William Joe, 2021. "Social Demographics and Health Achievements An Ecological Analysis of Institutional Delivery and Immunization Coverage in India," IEG Working Papers 427, Institute of Economic Growth.
    • Handle: RePEc:awe:wpaper:427
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    Keywords

    Social demography; Immunization; Institutional births; District Level Household Survey (DLHS); National Health Mission (NHM);
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