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Cost Containment and Participant Access in USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): Evidence from the Greater Los Angeles, CA, Area

Author

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  • McLaughlin, Patrick W.
  • Saksena, Michelle
  • Saitone, Tina L.
  • Ma, Meilin
  • Volpe, Richard
  • Wu, Qi
  • Sexton, Richard J.

Abstract

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides food assistance, nutrition education, breastfeeding support, and health care to participating low-income and nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women, infants, and children up to age 5. Participants exchange WIC vouchers or electronic benefits for specific WIC foods at commercial retail stores authorized by State WIC programs. Authorized WIC vendors may be large grocers, supermarkets, and supercenters such as Walmart or Target, or small and nontraditional food retailers like convenience and drug stores. In addition, some States authorize vendors that specialize in serving WIC clients, referred to as “above-50-percent vendors” or simply “A50 vendors” because they derive the majority of their food sales from WIC transactions.

Suggested Citation

  • McLaughlin, Patrick W. & Saksena, Michelle & Saitone, Tina L. & Ma, Meilin & Volpe, Richard & Wu, Qi & Sexton, Richard J., 2021. "Cost Containment and Participant Access in USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): Evidence from the Greater Los Angeles, CA, Area," USDA Miscellaneous 309614, United States Department of Agriculture.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:usdami:309614
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.309614
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. ver Ploeg, Michele & Breneman, Vince & Farrigan, Tracey & Hamrick, Karen & Hopkins, David & Kaufman, Phillip & Lin, Biing-Hwan & Nord, Mark & Smith, Travis A. & Williams, Ryan & Kinnison, Kelly & Olan, 2009. "Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their Consequences: Report to Congress," Administrative Publications 292130, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Meilin Ma & Tina L Saitone & Richard J Volpe & Richard J Sexton & Michelle Saksena & Craig GundersenEditor, 2019. "Market Concentration, Market Shares, and Retail Food Prices: Evidence from the U.S. Women, Infants, and Children Program," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 41(3), pages 542-562.
    3. Meilin Ma & Tina L. Saitone & Richard J. Volpe & Richard J. Sexton & Michelle Saksena, 2019. "Market Concentration, Market Shares, and Retail Food Prices: Evidence from the U.S. Women, Infants, and Children Program," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(3), pages 542-562, September.
    4. Patrick W McLaughlin & Tina L Saitone & Richard J Sexton, 2019. "The Economics of Food Vendors Specialized to Serving the Women, Infants, and Children Program," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 101(1), pages 20-38.
    5. Ver Ploeg, Michele & Mancino, Lisa & Todd, Jessica E. & Clay, Dawn Marie & Scharadin, Benjamin, 2015. "Where Do Americans Usually Shop for Food and How Do They Travel To Get There? Initial Findings from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey," Economic Information Bulletin 262116, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    6. Tiehen, Laura & Frazão, Elizabeth, 2016. "Where Do WIC Participants Redeem Their Food Benefits? An Analysis of WIC Food Dollar Redemption Patterns by Store Type," Economic Information Bulletin 262145, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    7. Rhone, Alana & Ver Ploeg, Michele & Dicken, Chris & Williams, Ryan & Breneman, Vince, 2017. "Low-Income and Low-Supermarket-Access Census Tracts, 2010-2015," Economic Information Bulletin 262134, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    8. Tina L. Saitone & Richard J. Sexton & Richard J. Volpe, 2015. "A Wicked Problem? Cost Containment in the Women, Infants and Children Program," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 37(3), pages 378-402.
    9. Wu, Qi & Saitone, Tina L. & Sexton, Richard J., 2017. "Food Access, Food Deserts, and the Women, Infants, and Children Program," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 42(3), September.
    10. Volpe, Richard & Saitone, Tina & Sexton, Richard, 2014. "Cost Containment in the WIC Program: Vendor Peer Groups and Reimbursement Rates," Economic Research Report 183224, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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    Cited by:

    1. Matthew J. Landry & Kim Phan & Jared T. McGuirt & Alek Ostrander & Lilian Ademu & Mia Seibold & Kathleen McCallops & Tara Tracy & Sheila E. Fleischhacker & Allison Karpyn, 2021. "USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Vendor Criteria: An Examination of US Administrative Agency Variations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Hodges, Leslie & Toossi, Saied & Todd, Jessica E. & Ryan-Claytor, Cayley, 2024. "The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): Background, Trends, and Economic Issues, 2024 Edition," Economic Information Bulletin 341637, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

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