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Fiscal Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecologico in Brazil

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  • Grieg-Gran, Maryanne

Abstract

This paper evaluates an innovative tax revenue-sharing scheme in Brazil, designed to promote the conservation and management of protected areas. Known as the 'CMS Ecologico', the scheme was introduced by the state of Parana in Brazil and subsequently by several other states. The scheme aims to compensate municipal governments for the loss of potential tax revenue from the designation of protected areas (mainly by the state and federal government). It is also intended to have an incentive effect, encouraging both better management of existing protected areas as well as the designation of new conservation areas. The paper examines the experience with the ICMS Ecológico in the states of Minas Gerais and Rondonia, two states which present a marked contrast in terms of land use, population density and forest resources. It considers the extent to which the compensation and incentive objectives have been achieved in the two states. The distributional impact of the ICMS Ecologico is also examined through an analysis of the characteristics of the counties which are winners or losers under the scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, 2000. "Fiscal Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecologico in Brazil," Discussion Papers 24135, International Institute for Environment and Development, Environmental Economics Programme.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:iieddp:24135
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.24135
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Claudio Ferraz & Ronaldo Seroa da Motta, 2015. "Automobile Pollution Control in Brazil," Discussion Papers 0086, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
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    1. Alexandre Sauquet & Sébastien Marchand & José Gustavo Feres, 2012. "Ecological Fiscal Incentives and Spatial Strategic Interactions: the Case of the ICMS-E in the Brazilian state of Paraná," CERDI Working papers halshs-00700474, HAL.
    2. Mumbunan, Sonny & Ring, Irene & Lenk, Thomas, 2012. "Ecological fiscal transfers at the provincial level in Indonesia," UFZ Discussion Papers 06/2012, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
    3. Leslie Lipper & Prabhu Pingali & Monika Zurek, 2006. "Less-Favoured Areas: Looking Beyond Agriculture Towards Ecosystem Services," Working Papers 06-08, Agricultural and Development Economics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO - ESA).
    4. Droste, N. & Ring, I. & Santos, R. & Kettunen, M., 2018. "Ecological Fiscal Transfers in Europe – Evidence-Based Design Options for a Transnational Scheme," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 373-382.
    5. David Zilberman & Leslie Lipper & Nancy McCarthy, 2009. "Putting Payments for Environmental Services in the Context of Economic Development," Natural Resource Management and Policy, in: Leslie Lipper & Takumi Sakuyama & Randy Stringer & David Zilberman (ed.), Payment for Environmental Services in Agricultural Landscapes, chapter 2, pages 9-33, Springer.
    6. Sauquet, Alexandre & Marchand, Sébastien & Féres, José Gustavo, 2014. "Protected areas, local governments, and strategic interactions: The case of the ICMS-Ecológico in the Brazilian state of Paraná," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 249-258.
    7. Nils Droste & Claudia Becker & Irene Ring & Rui Santos, 2018. "Decentralization Effects in Ecological Fiscal Transfers: A Bayesian Structural Time Series Analysis for Portugal," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 71(4), pages 1027-1051, December.
    8. Meiyu Liu & Guofeng Zhang & Du Yang, 2022. "Do the National Key Ecological Function Zones Promote Green Development? Evidence from the Yanshan–Taihang Mountainous Area in Hebei Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    9. Jonah Busch & Irene Ring & Monique Akullo & Oyut Amarjargal & Maud Borie & Rodrigo S. Cassola & Annabelle Cruz-Trinidad & Nils Droste & Joko Tri Haryanto & Ulan Kasymov & Nataliia Viktorivna Kotenko &, 2021. "A global review of ecological fiscal transfers," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 4(9), pages 756-765, September.
    10. Purnamita Dasgupta & Kavitha Srikanth, 2021. "Achieving the climate goal with intergovernmental transfers to the forestry sector: insights from the Indian experience," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 1-24, February.
    11. Farley, Josh & Aquino, André & Daniels, Amy & Moulaert, Azur & Lee, Dan & Krause, Abby, 2010. "Global mechanisms for sustaining and enhancing PES schemes," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 2075-2084, September.

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