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Sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (SIAL): de la agroindustria al conglomerado

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  • Zambrano, Pina
  • Jesus, Henri

Abstract

El objetivo de la investigación se centró en contrastar, como instrumento metodológico, el esquema teórico de los conglomerados para analizar la propuesta de los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (SIAL) y derivar potenciales elementos clave de necesaria atención a la hora de promover un proceso evolutivo desde una actividad tradicional y semindustrial, hacia un competitivo conglomerado de agroindustrias rurales (AIR), ubicado territorialmente y sustentado en los atributos locales propios de cada recurso explotado y con las características distintivas de las relaciones establecidas por los agentes participantes en una estructura agroindustrial de este tipo. La metodología empleada se basó en el análisis de caso para proporcionar evidencia empírica sobre los factores distintivos y el desempeño de los estudios considerados. En términos específicos se abordaron tres (03) estudios de caso reseñados en los tres (03) últimos congresos SIAL: Toluca (2004), Jaén (2006) y Mar del Plata (2008), siendo estos: la cadena aloe (Venezuela), el queso Cotija (México) y la panela de caña (Colombia). Las variables analizadas correspondieron a aquellas señaladas en el referencial teórico sobre los conglomerados: ubicación geográfica, marco institucional, conformación de redes, innovación tecnológica y economías externas. Los hallazgos resaltan que la estructuración de agrupaciones de AIR debe orientarse dentro de un estratégico curso de acción para acceder en forma conjunta a mercados, tecnología, financiamiento y asesoría especializada. En este contexto, no se trata ya de la antigua concepción de la pérdida de vigencia de las agrupaciones de AIR como modelos de maquila o subcontrataciones de transnacionales para la producción local de bienes globales, sino por el contrario, de la suma coherente y sistemática de esfuerzos y voluntades por el rescate de un pasado, de una historia y de la esencia misma de la actual vida de las comunidades rurales. La conformación de un SIAL implica entonces, la activación de un recurso localizado territorialmente a través de la valorización de saberes locales acumulados en ese territorio a lo largo del tiempo. La condición sine quo non en la evolución de un conjunto disperso de AIR a un conglomerado de AIR, es la existencia de un argumento vertebrador que aglutine e identifique a los agentes participantes. Si éste no existe, se limita la construcción del andamiaje institucional de apoyo a iniciativas emprendedoras en el territorio, promotoras del entramado de relaciones para generar los beneficios derivados a partir de tal tipo de organización agroindustrial. Finalmente, el estudio tanto de SIAL como de conglomerados debe enfocarse como forma de organizar la producción y actividades productivas. Es una unidad de análisis. No existen formas idénticas de organización. Cada conglomerado / SIAL es único, por tanto cada perspectiva de estudio.

Suggested Citation

  • Zambrano, Pina & Jesus, Henri, 2010. "Sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (SIAL): de la agroindustria al conglomerado," 116th Seminar, October 27-30, 2010, Parma, Italy 95219, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:eaa116:95219
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.95219
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giacomo Becattini, 2002. "Industrial Sectors and Industrial Districts: Tools for Industrial Analysis," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(4), pages 483-493, June.
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