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El Impacto Distributivo de la Política Fiscal en Bolivia

Author

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  • Osvaldo Nina

    (Grupo Integral)

Abstract

El estudio tiene la finalidad de analizar la incidencia del gasto social y del sistema tributario sobre la distribución del ingreso en Bolivia para la gestión 2004. El análisis está basado en la Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH), que fue realizada en el periodo noviembre 2003-noviembre 2004. Las variaciones en el índice de Gini revelan que la política fiscal provoca leves efectos distributivos positivos. Esta mejora en la distribución de los ingresos de los hogares es producto del impacto positivo del gasto social corriente. El impacto de los impuestos sobre la distribución es imperceptible. Las curvas e índice de concentración evidencian que la distribución de los impuestos y los gastos sociales son regresivos. Por una parte, la mitad de los impuestos es progresiva y la otra es regresiva en relación a la distribución del ingreso, aunque predomina la asignación regresiva. Por otra, los gastos sociales son progresivos en relación a la distribución del ingreso. La mejora en la distribución del ingreso de los hogares deberá provenir de una mayor equidad en la asignación del gasto social. Esto significaría que se debería construir criterios de asignación que tengan por objetivo final la disminución de la desigualdad, y por ende, de la pobreza. El régimen tributario puede contribuir a la mejora de la distribución, pero se lo deberá considerar como un instrumento que facilite la permanencia de la política de gasto público social. En ese sentido, el análisis en general muestra que la redistribución del ingreso a través de la política fiscal es baja.

Suggested Citation

  • Osvaldo Nina, 2006. "El Impacto Distributivo de la Política Fiscal en Bolivia," Development Research Working Paper Series 16/2006, Institute for Advanced Development Studies.
  • Handle: RePEc:adv:wpaper:200616
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Milanovic, Branko, 1997. "A simple way to calculate the Gini coefficient, and some implications," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 45-49, September.
    2. Eduardo Engel & Alexander Galetovic & Claudio Raddatz, 1998. "Reforma tributaria y distribución del ingreso en Chile," Documentos de Trabajo 40, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
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    2. Sara Torregrosa Hetland, 2015. "Did democracy bring redistribution? Insights from the Spanish tax system, 1960–90," European Review of Economic History, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(3), pages 294-315.
    3. Sara Torregrosa Hetland, 2014. "A fiscal revolution? Progressivity in the Spanish tax system, 1960-1990," Working Papers 2014/8, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gasto social; impuestos; distribución de ingresos; Bolivia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General

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