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Earnings Management by Japanese Bank Managers Using Discretionary Loan Loss Provisions

Author

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  • Wikil Kwak

    (University of Nebraska at Omaha, College of Business Administration, Department of Accounting, RH 408K, Omaha, NE 68182, USA)

  • Ho-Young Lee

    (Yonsei University, School of Business, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea)

  • Susan W. Eldridge

    (University of Nebraska at Omaha, College of Business Administration, Department of Accounting, RH 408H, Omaha, NE 68182, USA)

Abstract

This paper investigates Japanese bank managers' use of the discretionary component of loan loss provisions to manage earnings during the recession of the late 1990s. Although studies of US banks document that bank managers use loan loss provisions to smooth earnings, manage regulatory capital, and signal undervaluation, factors that may affect discretionary loan loss provisions in Japanese banks have not been empirically examined. We find that discretionary loan loss provisions for our sample of Japanese banks are positively related to the demand for external financing, realized securities gains, and prior year taxes and are negatively related to capital and pre-managed earnings.

Suggested Citation

  • Wikil Kwak & Ho-Young Lee & Susan W. Eldridge, 2009. "Earnings Management by Japanese Bank Managers Using Discretionary Loan Loss Provisions," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(01), pages 1-26.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:rpbfmp:v:12:y:2009:i:01:n:s0219091509001526
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219091509001526
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mr. David Woo & Mr. Akihiro Kanaya, 2000. "The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990's: Sources and Lessons," IMF Working Papers 2000/007, International Monetary Fund.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Egor Nikulin & Jeff Downing, 2021. "Loan-loss provisions, earnings management, and capital management by Russian banks: the impact of changes in banking regulation and oversight," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(4), pages 659-677, December.
    2. Sushma Vishnani & Sonu Agarwal & Ritika Agarwalla & Saumya Gupta, 2019. "Earnings Management, Capital Management and Signalling Behaviour of Indian Banks," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 26(3), pages 285-295, September.
    3. L. Gil-Alana & R. Iniguez-Sanchez & G. Lopez-Espinosa, 2011. "Endogenous problems in cross-sectional valuation models based on accounting information," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 37(2), pages 245-265, August.
    4. Fatima Alali & Bikki Jaggi, 2011. "Earnings versus capital ratios management: role of bank types and SFAS 114," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 105-132, January.
    5. Jianping Li & Lu Wei & Cheng-Few Lee & Xiaoqian Zhu & Dengsheng Wu, 2018. "Financial statements based bank risk aggregation," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 673-694, April.
    6. Yongtao Hong & Fariz Huseynov & Sabuhi Sardarli & Wei Zhang, 2020. "Bank earnings management and analyst coverage: evidence from loan loss provisions," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 29-54, July.
    7. Zheng Wang, 2014. "Measuring investors’ assessment of earnings persistence: do investors see through smoothed earnings?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 691-708, May.
    8. Salem, Rami & Usman, Muhammad & Ezeani, Ernest, 2021. "Loan loss provisions and audit quality: Evidence from MENA Islamic and conventional banks," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 345-359.
    9. Albulena Shala & Valentin Toçi & Skender Ahmeti, 2020. "Income smoothing through loan loss provisions in south and Eastern European banks," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 38(2), pages 429-452.
    10. Safarzadeh Bandari , Mohammad Hosein & Jafarimanesh , Ibrahim, 2019. "Examination of Loan Loss provision Model of Iranian Banks from Managerial Discretion Perspective," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 14(2), pages 255-276, April.
    11. Dung Viet Tran & M. Kabir Hassan & Reza Houston, 2020. "Discretionary loan loss provision behavior in the US banking industry," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 605-645, August.
    12. Amina Malik & Haroon Aziz & Buerhan Saiti & Shahab Ud Din, 2021. "The Impact of Earnings variability and Regulatory Measures on Income Smoothing: Evidence from Panel Regression," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(1), pages 183-201.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Earnings management; Japanese bank managers; discretionary loan loss provisions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance

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