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M&A Due Diligence, Post‐Acquisition Performance, and Financial Reporting for Business Combinations†

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  • Daniel Wangerin

Abstract

Before completing merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions, acquiring firms conduct due diligence. This process provides acquiring firms with a more informed assessment of the expected costs, benefits, and risks of an acquisition and offers one last opportunity to renegotiate or terminate an M&A transaction. However, acquiring firms must trade off the costs and benefits of performing additional due diligence versus completing the acquisition. Based on an analysis of the time to negotiate the acquisition agreement and complete the transaction, I predict and find that competitive pressures, short‐term financial reporting incentives, and agency problems are associated with less due diligence. I also find that less due diligence is associated with lower post‐acquisition profitability, a higher probability of acquisition‐related goodwill impairments, and lower quality fair value estimates for the acquired assets and liabilities. These findings highlight due diligence as an important factor explaining cross‐sectional variation in post‐acquisition performance and financial reporting for business combinations. Contrôle diligent dans le cadre des opérations de fusion‐acquisition, performance postérieure à l'acquisition et information financière relative aux regroupements d'entreprises Avant de conclure une opération de fusion‐acquisition, les entités acheteuses procèdent à un contrôle diligent, exercice qui leur permet d’évaluer avec plus de précision les coûts, les avantages et les risques prévus associés à l'acquisition et qui leur offre une ultime occasion de renégocier l'opération ou d'y renoncer. Les entités acheteuses doivent toutefois soupeser les coûts et les avantages d'un contrôle diligent plus poussé par rapport à ceux de la conclusion de l'acquisition. Une analyse du temps nécessaire à la négociation d'un contrat d'acquisition et à la conclusion de l'opération amène l'auteur à prévoir et constater que des pressions concurrentielles, des motivations à communiquer l'information financière à court terme et des problèmes de délégation sont associés à un contrôle diligent moins poussé. L'auteur observe également l'existence d'une relation entre ce contrôle diligent moins poussé et une plus faible rentabilité postérieure à l'acquisition, une probabilité accrue de la perte de valeur de l’écart d'acquisition, et une qualité inférieure des estimations de la juste valeur des actifs acquis et des passifs pris en charge. Ces observations mettent en évidence l'importance du contrôle diligent à titre de facteur explicatif de l’écart transversal dans la performance postérieure à l'acquisition et l'information financière relative aux regroupements d'entreprises.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Wangerin, 2019. "M&A Due Diligence, Post‐Acquisition Performance, and Financial Reporting for Business Combinations†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 2344-2378, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:2344-2378
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Ephraim Kwashie Thompson & Changki Kim, 2020. "Post-M&A Performance and Failure: Implications of Time until Deal Completion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-31, April.
    3. Perafán-Peña, Héctor Fabio & Gill-de-Albornoz, Belén & Giner, Begoña, 2022. "Earnings management of target firms and deal premiums: The role of industry relatedness," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(2).
    4. Ocieszak Marcin, 2020. "Determinants of Companies’ Financial Performance Following M&A Transactions in Poland," Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, Sciendo, vol. 28(4), pages 51-66, December.
    5. Suk, Inho & Wang, Mengmeng, 2021. "Does target firm insider trading signal the target's synergy potential in mergers and acquisitions?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1155-1185.
    6. Alex Edmans & Vivian W. Fang & Allen H. Huang, 2022. "The Long‐Term Consequences of Short‐Term Incentives," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 1007-1046, June.

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