IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/accper/v11y2012i4p297-313.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Information Quality of Interim Financial Statements

Author

Listed:
  • Karen Lightstone
  • Nicola M. Young
  • Tyra Mcfadden

Abstract

Expressing concern about the Canadian capital market environment, Boritz (2006) suggested that the accounting and auditing profession may be paying limited attention to quarterly reports. This study investigates whether fourth‐quarter adjustments are significantly different from the previous three, thereby limiting the reliability or faithful representation of the firms' results for each quarter. This study includes four years (2003–2006) of quarterly financial information of 353 Canadian public companies. Our results indicate that the volatility of net income in each of the first three quarters is considerably lower than in the final quarter. While lower volatility can improve predictability, the resulting relevance may be limited. The low volatility of reported earnings in the first three quarters suggests that either earnings management is taking place or that management may not be exercising sufficient care at the end of each of the first three quarters on the measurements that generally accepted accounting principles call for and readers of financial statements expect. This could result in quarterly financial statements that do not faithfully represent the underlying resources and obligations of the reporting firms at the end of the quarter, or the firm's performance during the quarter. Our findings support Boritz's proposition for increased audit requirements for interim reports and changes in the approach to the annual audit to integrate it more closely with interim financial reporting. Qualité de l'information livrée dans les états financiers intermédiaires Résumé Exprimant ses préoccupations à l’égard de l'environnement des marchés de capitaux canadiens, Boritz () a avancé que le milieu professionnel de la comptabilité et de l'audit faisait peu de cas des rapports trimestriels. Les auteurs effectuent une étude empirique visant à déterminer si les ajustements du quatrième trimestre sont sensiblement différents de ceux des trois trimestres précédents, ce qui pourrait indiquer que les états financiers intermédiaires ne sont pas complets et, par conséquent, ne donnent une image ni fiable ni fidèle des résultats de chaque trimestre. Leur étude porte sur quatre années (2003–2006) d'information financière trimestrielle provenant de 353 sociétés canadiennes faisant appel public à l’épargne. Les résultats obtenus par les auteurs indiquent que la volatilité du résultat net observée dans chacun des trois premiers trimestres est considérablement moindre qu'au quatrième trimestre. Cette constatation atteste l'hypothèse selon laquelle les investisseurs et autres intéressés peuvent estimer que la volatilité des résultats communiqués dans les états financiers intermédiaires rend la valeur prédictive de ces résultats moins évidente que beaucoup ne le supposent ; en d'autres termes, ces résultats risquent de n’être pas aussi pertinents qu'ils pourraient l’être. L'ampleur de la volatilité à elle seule semble indiquer que, si la gestion du résultat n'est pas en cause, la direction pourrait ne pas accorder suffisamment d'attention, au terme de chaque trimestre, aux mesures qu'exigent les principes comptables généralement reconnus et auxquelles s'attendent les lecteurs des états financiers. Cette situation a pour conséquence que l'information publiée ne donne pas une image fidèle des ressources et des obligations sous‐jacentes au terme du quatrième trimestre ou de la performance de l'entité au cours de la période. Les observations des auteurs confirment la proposition de Boritz () que soient accrues les exigences de l'audit relativement aux rapports intermédiaires et que soit modifiée l'approche de l'audit annuel afin de mieux l'intégrer à l'information financière intermédiaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Karen Lightstone & Nicola M. Young & Tyra Mcfadden, 2012. "Information Quality of Interim Financial Statements," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(4), pages 297-313, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:11:y:2012:i:4:p:297-313
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12002
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1911-3838.12002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Skinner, Dj, 1994. "Why Firms Voluntarily Disclose Bad-News," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 38-60.
    2. Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R. & Rajgopal, Shiva, 2005. "The economic implications of corporate financial reporting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1-3), pages 3-73, December.
    3. Jacob, John & Jorgensen, Bjorn N., 2007. "Earnings management and accounting income aggregation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2-3), pages 369-390, July.
    4. Zhaoyang Gu & Chi-Wen Lee & Joshua Rosett, 2005. "What Determines the Variability of Accounting Accruals?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 313-334, May.
    5. Burgstahler, David & Dichev, Ilia, 1997. "Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 99-126, December.
    6. Degeorge, Francois & Patel, Jayendu & Zeckhauser, Richard, 1999. "Earnings Management to Exceed Thresholds," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(1), pages 1-33, January.
    7. Rahman, Asheq Razaur & Tay, Teck Meng & Ong, Beng Teck & Cai, Shiyun, 2007. "Quarterly reporting in a voluntary disclosure environment: Its benefits, drawbacks and determinants," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 416-442, December.
    8. Ettredge, ML & Simon, DT & Smith, DB & Stone, MS, 2000. "The effect of the external accountant's review on the timing of adjustments to quarterly earnings," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 195-207.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Casey, Ryan J. & Kaplan, Steven E. & Pinello, Arianna Spina, 2015. "Do auditors constrain benchmark beating behavior to a greater extent in the fourth versus interim quarters?," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 1-10.
    2. Kross, William J. & Ro, Byung T. & Suk, Inho, 2011. "Consistency in meeting or beating earnings expectations and management earnings forecasts," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1-2), pages 37-57, February.
    3. Trimble, Madeline, 2018. "A reinvestigation into accounting quality following global IFRS adoption: Evidence via earnings distributions," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 18-39.
    4. Martin Nienhaus, 2022. "Executive equity incentives and opportunistic manager behavior: new evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 1276-1318, December.
    5. Gilliam, Thomas A. & Heflin, Frank & Paterson, Jeffrey S., 2015. "Evidence that the zero-earnings discontinuity has disappeared," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 117-132.
    6. Iatridis, George & Kadorinis, George, 2009. "Earnings management and firm financial motives: A financial investigation of UK listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 164-173, September.
    7. Inder K. Khurana & Yinghua Li & Wei Wang, 2018. "The Effects of Hedge Fund Interventions on Strategic Firm Behavior," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(9), pages 4094-4117, September.
    8. Juan Pedro Sánchez‐Ballesta & José Yagüe, 2021. "Financial reporting incentives, earnings management, and tax avoidance in SMEs," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(7-8), pages 1404-1433, July.
    9. Bird, Andrew & Karolyi, Stephen A. & Ruchti, Thomas G., 2019. "Understanding the “numbers game”," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(2).
    10. Habib, Ahsan & Hossain, Mahmud, 2008. "Do managers manage earnings to ‘just meet or beat’ analyst forecasts?," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 79-91.
    11. Jeremy Bertomeu & Edwige Cheynel & Edward Xuejun Li & Ying Liang, 2021. "How Pervasive Is Earnings Management? Evidence from a Structural Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(8), pages 5145-5162, August.
    12. Nadia Cardoso Moreira & Felipe Ramos & Juliana Kozak-Rogo & Rafael Rogo, 2016. "Conference Calls: an Empirical Analysis of Information Content and the Type of Disclosed News," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 13(6), pages 291-315, November.
    13. Kerstein, Joseph & Rai, Atul, 2007. "Intra-year shifts in the earnings distribution and their implications for earnings management," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 399-419, December.
    14. Jia, Y., 2008. "Essays on the role of managerial type in financial reporting," Other publications TiSEM ab1af530-b40f-4c86-9edd-b, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    15. Charles G. Ham & Zachary R. Kaplan & Steven Utke, 2023. "Attention to dividends, inattention to earnings?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 265-306, March.
    16. Kross, William J. & Ro, Byung T. & Suk, Inho, 2011. "Consistency in meeting or beating earnings expectations and management earnings forecasts," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 37-57.
    17. Shota Otomasa & Atsushi Shiiba & Akinobu Shuto, 2015. "Management Earnings Forecasts as a Performance Target in Executive Compensation Contracts," CARF F-Series CARF-F-368, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    18. Cho, Myojung & Hah, Young D. & Kim, Oliver, 2011. "Optimistic bias in management forecasts by Japanese firms to avoid forecasting losses," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 79-101, March.
    19. Chang, Chu-Hsuan & Lin, Hsiou-Wei William, 2018. "Does there prevail momentum in earnings management for seasoned equity offering firms?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 111-129.
    20. Iwasaki, Takuya & Kitagawa, Norio & Shuto, Akinobu, 2023. "Managerial discretion over initial earnings forecasts," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:11:y:2012:i:4:p:297-313. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1911-3838 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.