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Running to Stand Still? - The Value of R&D, Patents and Trade Marks in Innovating Manufacturing Firms

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  • Christine Greenhalgh
  • Mark Longland

Abstract

We have constructed a novel panel dataset of UK manufacturing firms to examine how innovation, proxied by R&D and intellectual property (IP, covering both patents and trade marks), increases firm performance, as measured by firm net output (value added). Knowledge has public good characteristics of non-depletability and non-excludability. So, even with protection using intellectual property to exclude, imitation and inventing around novel products and processes is possible by competitors. We examine the size and duration of benefits to doing R&D and obtaining IP protection through both patents and trade marks. If non-depletability within the firm is correct, this implies that their absolute R&D effort and total IP assets are important. We examine this hypothesis against the alternative of depletability, where innovative intensity relative to firm size matters. Also if IP offers only weak protection against competition, then the duration of returns to these intangible assets will be short. The empirical results support depletability within firms and poor ability to exclude imitation, which implies that firms have to continually renew their portfolios of R&D-created knowledge and their IP assets to maintain their position in the market. Splitting the sample into industries designated as 'high' and 'low' technology, suggests a higher intensity of competition in high-technology sectors, as an increase in the intensity of patents and trade marks commands no premium in this sector, although persistent differences between firms are positively affected by whether or not firms are acquiring these IP assets.

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Greenhalgh & Mark Longland, 2005. "Running to Stand Still? - The Value of R&D, Patents and Trade Marks in Innovating Manufacturing Firms," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 307-328.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ijecbs:v:12:y:2005:i:3:p:307-328
    DOI: 10.1080/13571510500299326
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Block, Jörn H. & Fisch, Christian O. & Hahn, Alexander & Sandner, Philipp G., 2015. "Why do SMEs file trademarks? Insights from firms in innovative industries," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(10), pages 1915-1930.
    2. Bernadette Power & Gavin C Reid, 2021. "The Impact of Intellectual Property Types on the Performance of Business Start-ups in the USA," Working Papers wp523, Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
    3. Stoneman, Paul, 2011. "Soft Innovation: Economics, Product Aesthetics, and the Creative Industries," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199697021.
    4. Christine Greenhalgh & Mark Rogers, 2007. "The Value of Intellectual Property Rights to Firms," Economics Series Working Papers 319, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    5. Philipp Schautschick & Christine Greenhalgh, 2016. "Empirical studies of trade marks -- The existing economic literature," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 358-390, June.
    6. Yougen Cao & Shengce Ren & Mei Du, 2022. "Strategic trademark management: a systematic literature review and prospects for future research," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(5), pages 435-453, September.
    7. Duygun, Meryem & Sena, Vania & Shaban, Mohamed, 2014. "Trademarking status and economic efficiency among commercial banks: Some evidence for the UK," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 506-514.
    8. Gyedu, Samuel & Heng, Tang & Ntarmah, Albert Henry & He, Yingqi & Frimppong, Emmanuel, 2021. "The impact of innovation on economic growth among G7 and BRICS countries: A GMM style panel vector autoregressive approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    9. Duygun, Meryem & Sena, Vania & Shaban, Mohamed, 2016. "Trademarking activities and total factor productivity: Some evidence for British commercial banks using a metafrontier approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(S), pages 70-80.
    10. Crass, Dirk, 2020. "Which firms use trademarks? Firm-level evidence from Germany on the role of distance, product quality and innovation," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 27(7), pages 730-755.
    11. Fisch, Christian & Meoli, Michele & Vismara, Silvio & Block, Jörn H., 2022. "The effect of trademark breadth on IPO valuation and post-IPO performance: an empirical investigation of 1510 European IPOs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(5).
    12. Ali Murad Syed & Zahid Riaz & Abdul Waheed, 2016. "Innovation, Firm Performance And Riskiness: Evidence From The Leading Worldwide Innovative Firms," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(07), pages 1-19, October.
    13. Daniel Gonçalves & Ana Martins, 2016. "The Determinants of TFP Growth in the Portuguese Manufacturing Sector," GEE Papers 0062, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, revised Nov 2016.
    14. Carlo Cambini & Federico Caviggioli & Giuseppe Scellato, 2015. "R&D, Patenting and Market Regulation: Evidence from EU Electricity industry," IEFE Working Papers 78, IEFE, Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    15. Crass, Dirk, 2014. "Which firms use trademarks - and why? Representative firm-level evidence from Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 14-118, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    16. Marina A. Zavertiaeva, 2015. "Portfolio Forming Decisions: The Role of Intangibles," HSE Working papers WP BRP 44/FE/2015, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    17. Crass, Dirk & Peters, Bettina, 2014. "Intangible assets and firm-level productivity," ZEW Discussion Papers 14-120, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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