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Looking at Economies as Gendered Structures: An Application to Central America

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  • Jasmine Gideon

Abstract

The economic reform programs implemented in Central America have failed to meet their stated objectives. Although this failure can be attributed to a number of causes, an analysis of the economy as a gendered structure can help explain it, by looking not only at the impact of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) on women, but also at the impact of gender relations on SAPs. Integrating the productive and the reproductive economies provides a broader perspective from which to analyze the determinants of sustainable economic growth and development. Using empirical evidence, this paper examines both the way in which gender inequalities act as constraints on well-balanced development in the region and at outcomes in terms of the overutilization of women's time and the underutilization of men's time, gender differences in access to infrastructure and gender differences in income distribution. The paper also examines the gender balance in economic decision-making and investigates the tradeoff between the increase in exports and the improvement in food security that has occurred in the region. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.

Suggested Citation

  • Jasmine Gideon, 1999. "Looking at Economies as Gendered Structures: An Application to Central America," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1-28.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:femeco:v:5:y:1999:i:1:p:1-28
    DOI: 10.1080/135457099338120
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Funkhouser, Edward, 1996. "The urban informal sector in Central America: Household survey evidence," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 24(11), pages 1737-1751, November.
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    4. Thomas, D., 1992. "The Distribution of Income and Expenditure within the Household," Papers 669, Yale - Economic Growth Center.
    5. Hamilton, Nora & Thompson, Carol, 1994. "Export promotion in a regional context: Central America and Southern Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 22(9), pages 1379-1392, September.
    6. Walters, Bernard, 1995. "Engendering macroeconomics: A reconsideration of growth theory," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(11), pages 1869-1880, November.
    7. Duncan Thomas, 1993. "The Distribution of Income and Expenditure within the Household," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 29, pages 109-135.
    8. M. Anne Hill & Elizabeth King, 1995. "Women's education and economic well-being," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 21-46.
    9. Anna Tibaijuka, 1994. "The Cost Of Differential Gender Roles In African Agriculture: A Case Study Of Smallholder Banana‐Coffee Farms In The Kagera Region, Tanzania," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(1), pages 69-81, January.
    10. Bina Agarwal, 1997. "''Bargaining'' and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 1-51.
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    2. Cuesta, Jose, 2006. "The distributive consequuences of machismo: A simulation analysis of intrahousehold allocation," MPRA Paper 11243, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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