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Designating Appropriate Areas for Flood Mitigation and Rainwater Harvesting in Arid Region Using a GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Mahmoud M. Abd-el-Kader

    (King Saud University)

  • Ahmed M. El-Feky

    (King Saud University)

  • Mohamed Saber

    (DPRI, Kyoto University)

  • Maged M. AlHarbi

    (King Saud University)

  • Abed Alataway

    (PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, KSA)

  • Faisal M. Alfaisal

    (King Saud University)

Abstract

Flash floods are highly devastating, however there is no effective management for their water in Saudi Arabia, therefore, it is crucial to adopt Rainfall Water Harvesting (RWH) techniques to mitigate the flash floods and manage the available water resources. The goal of this study is to create a potential flood hazard map and a map of suitable locations for RWH in Wadi Nisah, Saudi Arabia to identify potential areas for rainwater harvesting and dam construction for both a flood mitigation and water harvesting. This research was carried out using a spatiotemporal distributed model based on multi-criteria decision analysis by combining Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making tools (MCDM). The flood hazard mapping criteria were elevation, drainage density, slope, direct runoff depth at 50 years return period, Topographic witness index, and Curve Number, while the criteria for RWH were Slope, Land cover, Stream order, Lineaments density, and Average of annual max-24 h Rainfall. In multi-criteria decision analysis, 21.55% of the total area for Wadi Nisah was classified as extremely dangerous and dangerous; 65.29% of the total area was classified as moderate; and 13.15% of the total area was classified as safe and very safe in flash flood hazard classes. Only 15% of Wadi Nisah has a very high potentiality for RWH and 27.7%, 57.31% of the basin has a moderate and a low or extremely low potentiality of RWH, respectively. ranged from 3976104.499 m3 to 4328509.123 m3; and the maximum surface area of reservoirs ranged from 1268372.63 m2 to 1505825.676.14 m2.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmoud M. Abd-el-Kader & Ahmed M. El-Feky & Mohamed Saber & Maged M. AlHarbi & Abed Alataway & Faisal M. Alfaisal, 2023. "Designating Appropriate Areas for Flood Mitigation and Rainwater Harvesting in Arid Region Using a GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(3), pages 1083-1108, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:37:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11269-022-03416-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-022-03416-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. G. Papaioannou & L. Vasiliades & A. Loukas, 2015. "Multi-Criteria Analysis Framework for Potential Flood Prone Areas Mapping," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(2), pages 399-418, January.
    2. Yamei Wang & Zhongwu Li & Zhenghong Tang & Guangming Zeng, 2011. "A GIS-Based Spatial Multi-Criteria Approach for Flood Risk Assessment in the Dongting Lake Region, Hunan, Central China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(13), pages 3465-3484, October.
    3. Khamis Naba Sayl & Nur Shazwani Muhammad & Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Ahmed El-shafie, 2016. "Estimation the Physical Variables of Rainwater Harvesting System Using Integrated GIS-Based Remote Sensing Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(9), pages 3299-3313, July.
    4. Shereif Mahmoud & A. Alazba & Amin T, 2014. "Identification of Potential Sites for Groundwater Recharge Using a GIS-Based Decision Support System in Jazan Region-Saudi Arabia," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 3319-3340, August.
    5. Saaty, Thomas L., 1990. "How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 9-26, September.
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