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Using Response Times to Model Not-Reached Items due to Time Limits

Author

Listed:
  • Steffi Pohl

    (Freie Universität Berlin)

  • Esther Ulitzsch

    (Freie Universität Berlin)

  • Matthias Davier

    (National Board of Medical Examiners)

Abstract

Missing values at the end of a test typically are the result of test takers running out of time and can as such be understood by studying test takers’ working speed. As testing moves to computer-based assessment, response times become available allowing to simulatenously model speed and ability. Integrating research on response time modeling with research on modeling missing responses, we propose using response times to model missing values due to time limits. We identify similarities between approaches used to account for not-reached items (Rose et al. in ETS Res Rep Ser 2010:i–53, 2010) and the speed-accuracy (SA) model for joint modeling of effective speed and effective ability as proposed by van der Linden (Psychometrika 72(3):287–308, 2007). In a simulation, we show (a) that the SA model can recover parameters in the presence of missing values due to time limits and (b) that the response time model, using item-level timing information rather than a count of not-reached items, results in person parameter estimates that differ from missing data IRT models applied to not-reached items. We propose using the SA model to model the missing data process and to use both, ability and speed, to describe the performance of test takers. We illustrate the application of the model in an empirical analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Steffi Pohl & Esther Ulitzsch & Matthias Davier, 2019. "Using Response Times to Model Not-Reached Items due to Time Limits," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 84(3), pages 892-920, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:psycho:v:84:y:2019:i:3:d:10.1007_s11336-019-09669-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11336-019-09669-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wim van der Linden, 2007. "A Hierarchical Framework for Modeling Speed and Accuracy on Test Items," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 72(3), pages 287-308, September.
    2. Frederic Lord, 1974. "Estimation of latent ability and item parameters when there are omitted responses," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(2), pages 247-264, June.
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    6. Yuri Goegebeur & Paul Boeck & James Wollack & Allan Cohen, 2008. "A Speeded Item Response Model with Gradual Process Change," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 73(1), pages 65-87, March.
    7. C. O'Muircheartaigh & I. Moustaki, 1999. "Symmetric pattern models: a latent variable approach to item non‐response in attitude scales," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 162(2), pages 177-194.
    8. Wim Linden & Fanmin Guo, 2008. "Bayesian Procedures for Identifying Aberrant Response-Time Patterns in Adaptive Testing," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 73(3), pages 365-384, September.
    9. Wim Linden & Cees Glas, 2010. "Statistical Tests of Conditional Independence Between Responses and/or Response Times on Test Items," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(1), pages 120-139, March.
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    Cited by:

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