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Twice Migrants in Canada: Who Are They and How Do They Perform Economically?

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  • Sandeep Kumar Agrawal

    (University of Alberta)

Abstract

Immigrants known as “twice migrants” are those who arrive in Canada via an intermediate country, that is, not directly from their country of birth. With a focus on large contemporary immigrant groups in Canada—South Asians, Chinese and Filipinos in particular—this study develops socio-economic profiles of twice migrants and assesses their economic performance in comparison to that of direct migrants. The study uses custom tables of multiple national level datasets as well as qualitative interviews with a selected group of twice-migrant families to arrive at its findings. The results show that relative to direct migrants, twice migrants were older, more likely to speak a Canadian official language, slightly more educated and more skilled. These human capital characteristics did not however fully translate into economic success. Political and economic situations both in the country of birth and the country of last place of residence affect the flow of twice migration. Lack of job opportunities in Canada forced many twice migrant families to split between two countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandeep Kumar Agrawal, 2016. "Twice Migrants in Canada: Who Are They and How Do They Perform Economically?," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 669-686, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:17:y:2016:i:3:d:10.1007_s12134-015-0428-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-015-0428-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Picot, Garnett & Sweetman, Arthur, 2005. "The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes: Update 2005," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2005262e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    2. Hou, Feng & Picot, Garnett, 2003. "The Rise in Low-income Rates Among Immigrants in Canada," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2003198e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    3. Abdurrahman Aydemir & Mikal Skuterud, 2005. "Explaining the deteriorating entry earnings of Canada's immigrant cohorts, 1966 - 2000," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 38(2), pages 641-672, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ingrid Tucci & Joanna J. Fröhlich & Inka Stock, 2021. "Exploring the Nexus between Migration and Social Positions using a Mixed Methods Approach," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(1), pages 114-129.

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