IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/elmark/v32y2022i3d10.1007_s12525-022-00562-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Digital valuation of personality using personal tokens

Author

Listed:
  • Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak

    (Poznan University of Economics and Business)

  • Karolina Anna Nowak

    (Poznan University of Economics and Business)

  • Michał Litwiński

    (Poznan University of Economics and Business
    Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan)

Abstract

Attempts to valuate personality and personal brand in the digital economy face significant problems when it comes to the tools of such an activity. The main aim of this paper is to consider a personal token as the new means of personality valuation and to propose tools of its financial and network valuation. We applied financial analysis, content analysis, and statistical analysis, using data from the platform dedicated to personal token issuers. Financial valuation of personal tokens was performed using a modified Network Value to Transaction ratio (NVT). The personality types of the tokenised persons were determined based on Bartle’s Four Player Types model and the Big Five Personality Traits model. The issuers of personal tokens were grouped with a use of clustering analysis and the differences in score on personality traits were tested accordingly. Our results uncovered the novel means of personality and personal brand valuation which is a personal token and allowed us to differentiate two groups of personal token issuers based on their personality traits and activity profile.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak & Karolina Anna Nowak & Michał Litwiński, 2022. "Digital valuation of personality using personal tokens," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(3), pages 1555-1576, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:elmark:v:32:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s12525-022-00562-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s12525-022-00562-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12525-022-00562-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12525-022-00562-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olivier Driessens, 2013. "Celebrity capital: redefining celebrity using field theory," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 55743, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Adhami, Saman & Giudici, Giancarlo & Martinazzi, Stefano, 2018. "Why do businesses go crypto? An empirical analysis of initial coin offerings," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 64-75.
    3. Coenen, Johan & Borghans, Lex & Diris, Ron, 2021. "Personality traits, preferences and educational choices: A focus on STEM," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    4. Glenn Milligan & Martha Cooper, 1985. "An examination of procedures for determining the number of clusters in a data set," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(2), pages 159-179, June.
    5. Nadler, Philip & Guo, Yike, 2020. "The fair value of a token: How do markets price cryptocurrencies?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    6. Jamsheed Shorish, 2019. "Hedonic pricing of cryptocurrency tokens," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 163-189, November.
    7. Frank, Björn & Enkawa, Takao & Schvaneveldt, Shane J., 2015. "The role of individualism vs. collectivism in the formation of repurchase intent: A cross-industry comparison of the effects of cultural and personal values," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 261-278.
    8. Yulin Liu & Luyao Zhang, 2022. "Cryptocurrency Valuation: An Explainable AI Approach," Papers 2201.12893, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    9. John P. Conley, 2017. "Blockchain and the Economics of Crypto-tokens and Initial Coin Offerings," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 17-00008, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
    10. Brigitte Muller & Jean-Louis Chandon, 2003. "The Impact of Visiting a Brand Website on Brand Personality," Post-Print hal-01810519, HAL.
    11. Hengjie Zhang & Yucheng Dong & Jing Xiao & Francisco Chiclana & Enrique Herrera-Viedma, 2020. "Personalized individual semantics-based approach for linguistic failure modes and effects analysis with incomplete preference information," IISE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(11), pages 1275-1296, November.
    12. Brigitte Muller & Jean-Louis Chandon, 2003. "The Impact of Visiting a Brand Website on Brand Personality," Post-Print hal-01796042, HAL.
    13. Aleksandr Kljucnikov & Mehmet Civelek & Iveta Voznakova & Vladimir Krajcik, 2020. "Can discounts expand local and digital currency awareness of individuals depending on their characteristics?," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 11(2), pages 239-266, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rainer Alt, 2022. "Electronic Markets on platform culture," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(3), pages 1019-1031, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Magnus Schückes & Tobias Gutmann, 2021. "Why do startups pursue initial coin offerings (ICOs)? The role of economic drivers and social identity on funding choice," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1027-1052, August.
    2. Dulani Jayasuriya Daluwathumullagamage & Alexandra Sims, 2020. "Blockchain-Enabled Corporate Governance and Regulation," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-41, June.
    3. Ploypailin Kijkasiwat & Hamza Almustafa & Pongsutti Phuensane, 2023. "Initial coin offerings for business: a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 1-31, January.
    4. Lennart Ante & Philipp Sandner & Ingo Fiedler, 2018. "Blockchain-Based ICOs: Pure Hype or the Dawn of a New Era of Startup Financing?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Johann Kranz & Esther Nagel & Youngjin Yoo, 2019. "Blockchain Token Sale," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 61(6), pages 745-753, December.
    6. Bo Liang & Ye Wang, 2023. "Using integrated marketing communications to promote country personality via government websites," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 79-92, March.
    7. Barth, Andreas & Laturnus, Valerie & Mansouri, Sasan & Wagner, Alexander, 2021. "ICO analysts," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242429, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    8. Simon Albrecht & Bernhard Lutz & Dirk Neumann, 2020. "The behavior of blockchain ventures on Twitter as a determinant for funding success," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 30(2), pages 241-257, June.
    9. Grégory Bressolles & A. Vignolles & Catherine Viot, 2015. "La présence sociale : quels effets sur la personnalité, la réputation et la confiance envers le site web ?," Post-Print hal-01991235, HAL.
    10. Emilio Boulianne & Mélissa Fortin, 2020. "Risks and Benefits of Initial Coin Offerings: Evidence from impak Finance, a Regulated Initial Coin Offering†," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(4), pages 413-437, December.
    11. Patel, Ritesh & Migliavacca, Milena & Oriani, Marco E., 2022. "Blockchain in banking and finance: A bibliometric review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    12. Luis Araya-Castillo & Manuel Antonio Escobar-Farfan, 2015. "Personalidad de marca de las escuelas de negocios en Chile: Propuesta de modelo," Revista Ad-Minister, Universidad EAFIT, issue 27, pages 53-73, October.
    13. Rayne, Daniel & Leckie, Civilai & McDonald, Heath, 2020. "Productive partnerships? Driving consumer awareness to action in CSR partnerships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 49-57.
    14. Sharma, Zenu & Zhu, Yun, 2020. "Platform building in initial coin offering market: Empirical evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    15. Chitsazan, Hasti & Bagheri, Afsaneh & Tajeddin, Mahdi, 2022. "Initial coin offerings (ICOs) success: Conceptualization, theories and systematic analysis of empirical studies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    16. Romi Kher & Siri Terjesen & Chen Liu, 2021. "Blockchain, Bitcoin, and ICOs: a review and research agenda," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1699-1720, April.
    17. Dulani Jayasuriya Daluwathumullagamage & Alexandra Sims, 2021. "Fantastic Beasts: Blockchain Based Banking," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-43, April.
    18. Nina M. Bachmann & Benedict Drasch & Gilbert Fridgen & Michael Miksch & Ferdinand Regner & André Schweizer & Nils Urbach, 2022. "Tarzan and chain: exploring the ICO jungle and evaluating design archetypes," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(3), pages 1725-1748, September.
    19. Christian Masiak & Joern H. Block & Tobias Masiak & Matthias Neuenkirch & Katja N. Pielen, 2020. "Initial coin offerings (ICOs): market cycles and relationship with bitcoin and ether," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 1113-1130, December.
    20. Shrestha, Prabal & Arslan-Ayaydin, Özgür & Thewissen, James & Torsin, Wouter, 2021. "Institutions, regulations and initial coin offerings: An international perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 102-120.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Token; Personal; Digital valuation; Personality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:elmark:v:32:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s12525-022-00562-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.