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Global warming impact on confined livestock in buildings: efficacy of adaptation measures to reduce heat stress for growing-fattening pigs

Author

Listed:
  • Günther Schauberger

    (University of Veterinary Medicine)

  • Christian Mikovits

    (University of Veterinary Medicine)

  • Werner Zollitsch

    (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences)

  • Stefan J. Hörtenhuber

    (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences)

  • Johannes Baumgartner

    (University of Veterinary Medicine)

  • Knut Niebuhr

    (University of Veterinary Medicine)

  • Martin Piringer

    (Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics)

  • Werner Knauder

    (Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics)

  • Ivonne Anders

    (Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics)

  • Konrad Andre

    (Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics)

  • Isabel Hennig-Pauka

    (University of Veterinary Medicine)

  • Martin Schönhart

    (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences)

Abstract

Pigs and poultry are raised predominantly at high stocking densities in confined, insulated livestock buildings with mechanical ventilation systems. These systems are quite sensitive to heat stress, which has increased in recent decades from anthropogenic warming. A dataset of hourly meteorological data from 1981 to 2017 was used to drive a steady-state balance model for sensible and latent heat that simulates the indoor climate of a conventional reference system, and this model was used to predict the effect of global warming on growing-fattening pigs housed in such livestock confinement buildings. Seven adaptation measures were selected to investigate the effect on the indoor climate; these measures included three energy-saving air preparation systems, a doubling of the maximum ventilation rate, a reduction in the stocking density, and a shift in the feeding and resting time patterns. The impact of heat stress on animals was calculated with the following three heat stress metrics: a threshold of the indoor temperature, the temperature-humidity index, and a body mass–adapted temperature. The seven adaptation measures were quantified by a reduction in factors of the heat stress parameters. The highest reduction of heat stress in comparison with the conventional reference system was achieved by the three air preparation systems in the range of 54 to 92% for adiabatic systems and 65 to 100% for an earth-air heat exchanger, followed by an increase in the ventilation rate and the time shift. The reduction in the stocking density showed the lowest improvement. In addition to the reduction in the heat stress, a temporal trend over three decades was also used to quantify the resilience of pig confinement systems. The efficacy of some of the adaptation measures is great enough to mitigate the increase of heat stress that occurs due to global warming.

Suggested Citation

  • Günther Schauberger & Christian Mikovits & Werner Zollitsch & Stefan J. Hörtenhuber & Johannes Baumgartner & Knut Niebuhr & Martin Piringer & Werner Knauder & Ivonne Anders & Konrad Andre & Isabel Hen, 2019. "Global warming impact on confined livestock in buildings: efficacy of adaptation measures to reduce heat stress for growing-fattening pigs," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 156(4), pages 567-587, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:156:y:2019:i:4:d:10.1007_s10584-019-02525-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02525-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Warren E. Walker & Marjolijn Haasnoot & Jan H. Kwakkel, 2013. "Adapt or Perish: A Review of Planning Approaches for Adaptation under Deep Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Ozgener, Leyla, 2011. "A review on the experimental and analytical analysis of earth to air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems in Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4483-4490.
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    Cited by:

    1. Isabel Blanco-Penedo & Antonio Velarde & Richard P. Kipling & Alejandro Ruete, 2020. "Modeling heat stress under organic dairy farming conditions in warm temperate climates within the Mediterranean basin," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1269-1285, October.
    2. Costantino, Andrea & Comba, Lorenzo & Cornale, Paolo & Fabrizio, Enrico, 2022. "Energy impact of climate control in pig farming: Dynamic simulation and experimental validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    3. Günther Schauberger & Martin Schönhart & Werner Zollitsch & Stefan J. Hörtenhuber & Leopold Kirner & Christian Mikovits & Johannes Baumgartner & Martin Piringer & Werner Knauder & Ivonne Anders & Konr, 2021. "Economic Risk Assessment by Weather-Related Heat Stress Indices for Confined Livestock Buildings: A Case Study for Fattening Pigs in Central Europe," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-22, February.
    4. Stefan J. Hörtenhuber & Günther Schauberger & Christian Mikovits & Martin Schönhart & Johannes Baumgartner & Knut Niebuhr & Martin Piringer & Ivonne Anders & Konrad Andre & Isabel Hennig-Pauka & Werne, 2020. "The Effect of Climate Change-Induced Temperature Increase on Performance and Environmental Impact of Intensive Pig Production Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    5. Etwire, Prince Maxwell, 2020. "The impact of climate change on farming system selection in Ghana," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    6. Cheng, Muxi & McCarl, Bruce A. & Fei, Chengcheng, 2021. "Climate Change Effects on the U.S. Hog production," 2021 Annual Meeting, August 1-3, Austin, Texas 313966, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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