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Feinstaubbelastung und Lebenserwartung in Deutschland

Author

Listed:
  • Aloys Prinz

    (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)

  • David J. Richter

    (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Die Feinstaubbelastung steht immer wieder im Mittelpunkt umwelt- und gesundheitspolitischer Diskussionen. Empirische Analysen, auch solche in diesem Bereich, die nicht auf individuellen Experimentaldaten beruhen, können als ökologische „real life“-Studien kleine Bausteine zum Verständnis der Zusammenhänge von Feinstaubbelastung und deren Gesundheitsfolgen zur Verfügung stellen. In diesem Beitrag wird deskriptiv untersucht, ob in Deutschland eine Korrelation von Feinstaubbelastung und Lebenserwartung zu finden ist. Dazu werden auf Kreisebene nach den Messbereichen Hintergrund und Verkehr differenzierte Daten von Feinstaubmessstationen der Jahre 2002 bis 2016 verwendet. Als weitere Kovariate der Lebenserwartung werden auf Kreisebene das verfügbare Einkommen pro Kopf und die Abiturientenquote berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus werden Siedlungseigenschaften (städtische bzw. ländliche Gebiete) sowie ein nichtlinearer Zeittrend in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Niveauschätzungen ergeben einen negativen Zusammenhang für die Feinstaubbelastung im westdeutschen Hintergrundbereich. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen der Veränderung von Feinstaubbelastung und der Veränderung der Lebenserwartung für den westdeutschen Verkehrsbereich, der jedoch aufgrund der Datenlage als unsicherer anzusehen ist. Letzteres ist aufgrund der Besonderheiten dieses Bereichs (tages- und jahreszeitlich bedingte Variationen des Verkehrsflusses; Änderung der Feinstaub-Exposition der Bevölkerung innerhalb kurzer Entfernungen u. v. m.) nicht überraschend. Für Ostdeutschland konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhänge gefunden werden. Die für Gesamtdeutschland gefundene Korrelation zwischen Feinstaubbelastung im Hintergrundbereich und durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung liegt bei 0,037 Jahre pro 1 $$\upmu$$ μ g/m $${}^{3}$$ 3 PM $${}_{10}$$ 10 .

Suggested Citation

  • Aloys Prinz & David J. Richter, 2021. "Feinstaubbelastung und Lebenserwartung in Deutschland," AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Springer;Deutsche Statistische Gesellschaft - German Statistical Society, vol. 15(3), pages 237-272, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:astaws:v:15:y:2021:i:3:d:10.1007_s11943-021-00292-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11943-021-00292-1
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    1. Timo Schmid & Markus Zwick, 2021. "Vorwort der Herausgeber," AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Springer;Deutsche Statistische Gesellschaft - German Statistical Society, vol. 15(3), pages 151-154, December.

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