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Testing for normality in any dimension based on a partial differential equation involving the moment generating function

Author

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  • Norbert Henze

    (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT))

  • Jaco Visagie

    (University of Pretoria (UP))

Abstract

We use a system of first-order partial differential equations that characterize the moment generating function of the d-variate standard normal distribution to construct a class of affine invariant tests for normality in any dimension. We derive the limit null distribution of the resulting test statistics, and we prove consistency of the tests against general alternatives. In the case $$d>1$$ d > 1 , a certain limit of these tests is connected with two measures of multivariate skewness. The new tests show strong power performance when compared to well-known competitors, especially against heavy-tailed distributions, and they are illustrated by means of a real data set.

Suggested Citation

  • Norbert Henze & Jaco Visagie, 2020. "Testing for normality in any dimension based on a partial differential equation involving the moment generating function," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(5), pages 1109-1136, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:aistmt:v:72:y:2020:i:5:d:10.1007_s10463-019-00720-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10463-019-00720-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henze, Norbert & Wagner, Thorsten, 1997. "A New Approach to the BHEP Tests for Multivariate Normality," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 1-23, July.
    2. Kundu, Subrata & Majumdar, Suman & Mukherjee, Kanchan, 2000. "Central Limit Theorems revisited," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 265-275, April.
    3. Norbert Henze, 2002. "Invariant tests for multivariate normality: a critical review," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 467-506, October.
    4. Baringhaus, L. & Henze, N., 1991. "Limit distributions for measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis based on projections," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 51-69, July.
    5. Ruggero Caldana & Gianluca Fusai & Alessandro Gnoatto & Martino Grasselli, 2016. "General closed-form basket option pricing bounds," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 535-554, April.
    6. Henze, Norbert, 1997. "Extreme smoothing and testing for multivariate normality," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 203-213, October.
    7. Szekely, Gábor J. & Rizzo, Maria L., 2005. "A new test for multivariate normality," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 58-80, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. E. Bothma & J. S. Allison & I. J. H. Visagie, 2022. "New classes of tests for the Weibull distribution using Stein’s method in the presence of random right censoring," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 1751-1770, September.
    2. Bouzebda, Salim & Slaoui, Yousri, 2022. "Nonparametric recursive method for moment generating function kernel-type estimators," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    3. Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2020. "Rejoinder on: Tests for multivariate normality—a critical review with emphasis on weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -statistics," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(4), pages 911-913, December.
    4. Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2020. "Tests for multivariate normality—a critical review with emphasis on weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -statistics," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(4), pages 845-892, December.
    5. Philip Dörr & Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2021. "Testing multivariate normality by zeros of the harmonic oscillator in characteristic function spaces," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 48(2), pages 456-501, June.
    6. Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2023. "On the eigenvalues associated with the limit null distribution of the Epps-Pulley test of normality," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 739-752, June.
    7. Philip Dörr & Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2021. "A new test of multivariate normality by a double estimation in a characterizing PDE," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 84(3), pages 401-427, April.

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