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Symbolic transformation of environmental governance: implementation of EU biodiversity policy in Bulgaria and Croatia between Europeanization and domestic politics

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  • Metodi Sotirov
  • Marko Lovric
  • Georg Winkel

Abstract

In this paper, we explore how European and domestic factors have shaped environmental governance in the case of European Union biodiversity policy implementation in Bulgaria and Croatia. We argue that a ‘symbolic transformation’ of environmental governance in Bulgaria and Croatia has occurred, as the interplay between Europeanization and domestic politics has led to differential empowerment of state and non-state actors resulting in ineffective environmental governance. While proenvironment non-state groups (environmental non-governmental organizations, scientists) and European Union institutions were empowered in the phase of formal compliance, economic interest groups have held sway over the phase of practical (non-)compliance. At the same time, state actors have responded rationally to retain their power by adapting to opposing forces from above and below. We conclude by discussing the ‘symbolic transformation’ of environmental governance shifting between ‘command-and-control’ and ‘non-hierarchical’ coordination with regards to the transformative power of Europe in light of Europeanization research in old and new European Union member states.

Suggested Citation

  • Metodi Sotirov & Marko Lovric & Georg Winkel, 2015. "Symbolic transformation of environmental governance: implementation of EU biodiversity policy in Bulgaria and Croatia between Europeanization and domestic politics," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 33(5), pages 986-1004, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirc:v:33:y:2015:i:5:p:986-1004
    DOI: 10.1177/0263774X15605925
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    1. Lovrić, Marko & Lovrić, Nataša & Schraml, Ulrich, 2019. "Modeling policy networks: The case of Natura 2000 in Croatian forestry," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 90-102.
    2. Geitzenauer, Maria & Blondet, Marieke & de Koning, Jessica & Ferranti, Francesca & Sotirov, Metodi & Weiss, Gerhard & Winkel, Georg, 2017. "The challenge of financing the implementation of Natura 2000 – Empirical evidence from six European Union Member States," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 3-13.

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