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Crusades and Jihads: a Long-run Economic Perspective

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  • Alan Heston

Abstract

Crusades and jihads have been a part of the histories of Christianity and Islam for more than a century. This article examines this often-violent history from several perspectives, focusing heavily on the period between 1000 and 1300, and on the factors that allowed Europe and its overseas extensions in North America and Australia to economically overtake the rest of the world by 1600. While some weight is given to religion in the discussion, many of the effects seem to have been accidental, both negative and positive. These include the reforms in marriage and family formation introduced by the Catholic Church; demographic pressures in Europe; and the development of institutions in Northern Europe that provided continuity in commerce, administration, and archiving of intellectual advances. The factors that favored the economies of Northern Europe and/or held back other parts of the world do not appear to be related to anything inherent in Christianity or Islam.

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  • Alan Heston, 2003. "Crusades and Jihads: a Long-run Economic Perspective," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 588(1), pages 112-135, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:588:y:2003:i:1:p:112-135
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716203588001008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kindleberger, Charles P., 1996. "World Economic Primacy: 1500 to 1990," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195099027.
    2. Lin, Justin Yifu, 1995. "The Needham Puzzle: Why the Industrial Revolution Did Not Originate in China," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 43(2), pages 269-292, January.
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