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Imposición óptima y descentralización fiscal: El caso del IRPF

Author

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  • Esteller-Moré, Alejandro

    (Universitat de Barcelona & Institut d’Economia de Barcelona)

Abstract

Dada la capacidad normativa de que disponen las CCAA de régimen común y foral en el IRPF, ¿puede aumentar la descentralización fiscal el bienestar social? Para valorarlo, nos centramos en un elemento legal paradigmático: el tipo marginal máximo que aplica sobre la renta laboral. Utilizando el instrumental que nos ofrece la teoría de la imposición óptima (Saez, 2001), comparamos – a partir de micro-datos de la Encuesta de condiciones de vida (INE) – los tipos reales con los óptimos. Obtenemos que existen, para todas las CCAA, discrepancias; estando siempre los marginales óptimos por encima de los reales. La discrepancia promedio es de 10 puntos porcentuales (p.p.), resultado máxima (mínima) para la CA de Madrid (Navarra), 23 (2) p.p. Eso sí, partiendo del tipo que resulta de la ausencia de actividad legislativa por parte de los gobiernos subcentrales, excepto cuatro CCAA, todas han aproximado los marginales hacia su óptimo. Abstract: Given the tax power in hands of the Autonomous Communities (ACs) in the PIT, we wonder whether decentralization might be welfare-enhancing. To asses this, we focus on a paradigmatic legal element: the top marginal tax rate on labor income. Taking advantage of the theoretical framework of the recent optimal tax theory (Saez, 2001), we compare – from microdata of the Survey of Life Conditions (conducted by the Spanish National Statistical Institute – the real rates with the optimal ones. There is a discrepancy for all ACs; being for all of them the optimal rate above the real one. The average discrepancy is 10 percentage points (p.p.), being maximum (minimum) for the AC of (Navarre), 23 (2) p.p. In any case, taking the tax rate in absence of subcentral legislative action as the benchmark, all but four ACs have set their tax rate closing the gap with their optimum.

Suggested Citation

  • Esteller-Moré, Alejandro, 2021. "Imposición óptima y descentralización fiscal: El caso del IRPF," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 49, pages 29-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:invreg:0451
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Olson, Mancur, Jr, 1969. "The Principle of "Fiscal Equivalence": The Division of Responsibilities among Different Levels of Government," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(2), pages 479-487, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    decentralization; optimal taxation; Autonomous Communities.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

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