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L’effet des politiques de financement des services de garde sur le choix des modes de garde des familles québécoises

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  • Mayer, Francine

    (Département des sciences économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal)

  • Rose, Ruth

    (Département des sciences économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal)

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to measure the incidence of child-care financing policies for Quebec families and to evaluate the effects of the 1994 Quebec reform on the type of child care chosen. The reform had two main elements: a substantial increase in financial aid to low-income parents and the replacement of the child-care tax deduction by a reimbursable tax credit applied at a rate which varies inversely with family income. We first use an accounting model to show that after the 1994 reform, financing policies were much more equitable, both horizontally and vertically, and that almost all families, especially those less well off, benefitted from a reduction in net costs. We then use a polytomic logit model to simulate the effects of the reform on the choice of child care mode. The results show that, after the reform, a larger number of families, especially those with modest incomes, are likely to choose centre care and that two-parent families, especially those with low incomes, are more likely to use paid family-home care instead of free care. L’objectif de ce texte est de mesurer l’incidence des politiques de financement des services de garde pour les familles québécoises et d’évaluer les effets de la réforme mise en place par le Québec en 1994 sur le choix des modes de garde. Cette réforme comportait deux volets : une bonification significative de l’exonération financière aux familles à faible revenu et le remplacement de la déduction fiscale pour frais de garde par un crédit d’impôt remboursable dont le taux varie inversement avec le revenu familial. Nous utilisons d’abord un modèle comptable pour montrer qu’après la réforme de 1994 les politiques sont beaucoup plus équitables verticalement et horizontalement, et que presque toutes les familles, notamment les familles les moins favorisées, ont bénéficié d’une diminution du coût net des services de garde. Dans un deuxième temps, un modèle logit polytomique permet de simuler l’effet de la réforme sur le choix des modes de garde. Les résultats suggèrent qu’après la réforme davantage de familles, notamment les familles à revenu modeste, sont incitées à retenir les services d’une garderie et que les familles biparentales, surtout celles à faible revenu, ont davantage tendance à choisir la garde rémunérée en milieu familial plutôt que la garde gratuite.

Suggested Citation

  • Mayer, Francine & Rose, Ruth, 1998. "L’effet des politiques de financement des services de garde sur le choix des modes de garde des familles québécoises," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 74(1), pages 63-94, mars.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:74:y:1998:i:1:p:63-94
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    1. McFadden, Daniel L., 1984. "Econometric analysis of qualitative response models," Handbook of Econometrics, in: Z. Griliches† & M. D. Intriligator (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 24, pages 1395-1457, Elsevier.
    2. Gordon Cleveland & Morley Gunderson & Douglas Hyatt, 1996. "Child Care Costs and the Employment Decision of Women: Canadian Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 29(1), pages 132-151, February.
    3. Henriques, I. & Vaillancourt, F., 1986. "The Demand for Child Care Services in Canada," Cahiers de recherche 8606, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques.
    4. Lee, Lung-Fei, 1983. "Generalized Econometric Models with Selectivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 51(2), pages 507-512, March.
    5. Lisa M. Powell, 1994. "The Impact of Child Care Costs on Female Labour Supply: Evidence from Canada," Working Paper 905, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    6. Robins, Philip K & Spiegelman, Robert G, 1978. "An Econometric Model of the Demand for Child Care," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 16(1), pages 83-94, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre Merrigan & Philip Lefebvre, 2002. "The Effect of Childcare and Early Education Arrangements on Developmental Outcomes of Young Children," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 28(2), pages 159-185, June.

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