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The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Ajmair
  • Khadim Hussain
  • Faisal Azeem Abbassi
  • Misbah Gohar

Abstract

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the long run relationship between military expenditure, number of persons in military and economic growth. To fulfill this, the study used ARDL approach for annual time series data from 1990 to 2015. The results show that Pakistan military expenditures are insignificant (military burden for the country is statically insignificant) and number of persons in military are positively and significantly related with GDP growth in long run. The error correction term is negative and significant which shows that short run relationship exists among economic growth, military expenditures and number of army persons. In short run military expenditure and number of persons in military are positively and significantly related with GDP growth but in long run only number of military persons affects economic growth positively and significantly.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Ajmair & Khadim Hussain & Faisal Azeem Abbassi & Misbah Gohar, 2018. "The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth of Pakistan," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 5(2), pages 41-48, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:rfa:aefjnl:v:5:y:2018:i:2:p:41-48
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Biswas, Basudeb & Ram, Rati, 1986. "Military Expenditures and Economic Growth in Less Developed Countries: An Augmented Model and Further Evidence," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(2), pages 361-372, January.
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    3. Alvin Birdi & J. Paul Dunne, 2002. "South Africa: An Econometric Analysis of Military Spending and Economic Growth," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Jurgen Brauer & J. Paul Dunne (ed.), Arming the South, chapter 9, pages 221-233, Palgrave Macmillan.
    4. H. Sonmez Atesoglu, 2002. "Defense Spending Promotes Aggregate Output in the United States--Evidence from Cointegration Analysis," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 55-60.
    5. Nikolaos Mylonidis, 2008. "Revisiting The Nexus Between Military Spending And Growth In The European Union," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 265-272.
    6. Stella Karagianni & Maria Pempetzoglu, 2009. "Defense Spending And Economic Growth In Turkey: A Linear And Non-Linear Granger Causality Approach," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(2), pages 139-148.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. John Michael, Riveros Gavilanes, 2019. "A Causality Analysis Of The Military Spending And Economic Growth: The Colombian Case Of 1960-2016," MPRA Paper 103255, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Khalid Zaman, 2019. "Does higher military spending affect business regulatory and growth specific measures? Evidence from the group of seven (G-7) countries," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 36(1), pages 323-348, April.
    3. Riveros Gavilanes, John Michael, 2020. "Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: The South American Case," MPRA Paper 98508, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Qurat Ul AIN & Syed Imran RAIS & Syed Tahir Hussain SHAH & Khalid ZAMAN & Shakira EJAZ & Abdul MANSOOR, 2019. "Empirically testing Keynesian defense burden hypothesis, nonlinear hypothesis, and spillover hypothesis: Evidence from Asian countries," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(1(618), S), pages 169-182, Spring.
    5. Abdul Rehman & Hengyun Ma & Rafael Alvarado & Fayyaz Ahmad, 2023. "The nexus of military, final consumption expenditures, total reserves, and economic development of Pakistan," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1753-1776, June.
    6. repec:agr:journl:v:1(618):y:2019:i:1(618):p:169-182 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Innocent.U. Duru & Millicent Adanne Eze & Bartholomew.O.N. Okafor & Abubakar Yusuf & Lawrence.O. Ede & Abubakar Sadiq Saleh, 2021. "Military Outlay and Economic Growth: The Scenarios of Lake Chad Basin Countries of the Republic of Chad and Nigeria," Growth, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 8(1), pages 12-26.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    military expenditure; economic growth; ARDL; error correction term;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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