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Immigration et justice sociale

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  • Thomas Piketty

Abstract

[eng] We present a two-sided search model where agents differ by their human capital endowment and where workers of different skill are imperfect substitutes. Then the labor market endogenously divides into disjoint segments and wage inequality will depend on the degree of labor market segmentation. The most important results are : 1) overall wage inequality as well as within-group and between-group inequalities increase with relative human capital inequality ; 2) within-group wage inequality decreases while between-group and overall wage inequalities increase with the efficiency of the search process ; 3) within-group, between-group and overall wage inequalities increase with technological changes. [fre] Immigration et justice sociale. . Cet article est dédié à la mémoire d'Yves Younes qui nous a quittés en mai 1996, et dont les dernières réflexions sur l'importance du phénomène migratoire dans les États-Unis des années 1980-1790 m'ont beaucoup influencé.. L'ouverture des frontières entre le Nord et le Sud peut-elle se retourner contre les plus défavorisés du monde, c'est-à-dire les non-qualifiés du Sud ?. Avec deux facteurs de production, les migrations Sud-Nord bénéficient tou­jours aux moins qualifiés du Sud, puisqu'ils y sont le facteur le plus abondant. Mais avec trois facteurs de production (trois niveaux de qualifications, ou deux niveaux et un facteur capital imparfaitement mobile), l'ouverture des frontières peut conduire à une baisse du salaire des moins qualifiés du Sud si leur complé­mentarité avec le travail très qualifié ou le capital du Nord est suffisamment faible comparée à celle des sudistes plus qualifiés.. Plusieurs études récentes suggèrent effectivement que les élasticités de complémentarité chutent brutalement au-delà d'un certain écart de qualification. Cependant, rien ne prouve que ces effets soient suffisamment forts pour que l'ouverture optimale des frontières du point de vue de la justice sociale rawlsienne puisse ressembler à la politique de fermeture pratiquée aujourd'hui en Europe, ni a fortiori à une politique d'ouverture aux plus qualifiés du Sud.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Piketty, 1997. "Immigration et justice sociale," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(5), pages 1291-1309.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1997_num_48_5_409941
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1997.409941
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1997.409941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. George J. Borjas, 2021. "The Economic Benefits from Immigration," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foundational Essays in Immigration Economics, chapter 13, pages 411-430, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Borjas, George J. & Freeman, Richard B. (ed.), 1992. "Immigration and the Work Force," National Bureau of Economic Research Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226066332, December.
    3. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1990. "Why Doesn't Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(2), pages 92-96, May.
    4. Rachel M. Friedberg & J. Hunt, 1995. "The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth," Working Papers 95-5, Brown University, Department of Economics.
    5. George J. Borjas & Richard B. Freeman & Lawrence F. Katz, 1992. "On the Labor Market Effects of Immigration and Trade," NBER Chapters, in: Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas, pages 213-244, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Rachel M. Friedberg & Jennifer Hunt, 1995. "The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(2), pages 23-44, Spring.
    7. George J. Borjas & Richard B. Freeman, 1992. "Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number borj92-1, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Driouchi, Ahmed & Boboc, Cristina & Zouag, Nada, 2009. "Emigration of Highly Skilled Labor: Determinants & Impacts," MPRA Paper 21567, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 23 Mar 2010.
    2. Beine, Michel & Docquier, Frederic & Rapoport, Hillel, 2001. "Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 275-289, February.
    3. Latukha, M. & Nintuona Soyiri, J., 2018. "Determinants of Talent Mobility in Africa: Talent Attraction and Retention Practices in Ghana," Working Papers 15113, Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University.
    4. Pieretti, Patrice & Zou, Benteng, 2009. "Brain drain and factor complementarity," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 404-413, March.
    5. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:6:y:2007:i:35:p:1-11 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Milanovic, Branko, 2007. "Ethical case and economic feasibility of global transfers," MPRA Paper 2587, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Xiaofeng Fan & Akira Yakita, 2011. "Brain drain and technological relationship between skilled and unskilled labor: brain gain or brain loss?," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 24(4), pages 1359-1368, October.

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