IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_2013_num_460_1_10197.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

L'impact local des radars fixes sur les accidents de la route : un effet important après l'installation mais plus réduit à long terme

Author

Listed:
  • Sébastien Roux
  • Philippe Zamora

Abstract

[ger] Desde el año 2002, la política de seguridad vial ha dirigido sus esfuerzos a reforzar el control de la velocidad y, en especial, los radares, tanto fijos como móviles. Respecto a estos últimos, evaluar rigurosamente su impacto resulta difícil, ya que se trata de un efecto extendido a varias partes y no localizado. En cambio, el efecto de los radares fijos puede cuantificarse de manera más precisa estudiando la evolución del número de accidentes en aquellos lugares que hayan sido equipados con un radar y la de aquellos que carezcan de él. Este es el objetivo al que aspira este artículo. Proponemos una medición del efecto local que los radares automáticos de velocidad instalados en Francia a partir de 2013 tienen sobre los accidentes de tráfico. Los accidentes se miden en cada municipio respecto a una base mensual o trimestral de 1998 a 2007. Nos apoyamos en un modelo semiparamétrico muy flexible que describe la ocurrencia de los accidentes y el efecto que los radares pueden tener sobre estos. Los parámetros del modelo se estiman aplicando el método generalizado de momentos no lineales. Mostramos que la instalación de radares fijos en los municipios con menos de 6.000 habitantes disminuye entre un 13% y un 17% el número de accidentes corporales y, entre 50% y 75% el número de accidentes mortales durante los primeros meses tras . su instalación. Este efecto disminuye a partir de los seis meses, sin por ello dejar de ser significativo : una reducción del 11% para los accidentes no mortales y del 25% al 50% para los accidentes mortales. Según . nos consta, la disminución del impacto de los radares a lo largo del tiempo aparece raramente constatada en la literatura internacional, que en general examina las consecuencias a corto plazo. Finalmente, extrapolando . hasta 2011 los resultados obtenidos para el periodo de 1998‑2007 de este estudio, la instalación de radares fijos en los municipios de menos de 6.000 habitantes hubiera evitado alrededor de 740 víctimas mortales, 2.750 heridos graves y 2.230 accidentes entre 2003 y 2011. [fre] À partir de 2002, la politique de sécurité routière s’est fortement appuyée sur le renforcement du contrôle de la vitesse, et notamment sur le renforcement des contrôles radars, à la fois fixes ou mobiles. Évaluer rigoureusement l’impact des seconds est difficile car il s’agit d’un effet diffus et non localisé. En revanche, l’effet des radars fixes peut‑être quantifié de manière plus précise en étudiant l’évolution du nombre d’accidents sur les sites qui en ont été équipés par rapport aux sites qui ne l’ont pas été. Tel est l’objet de cet article. Nous proposons . une mesure de l’effet local sur les accidents de la route des radars automatiques vitesse fixes installés en France à partir de 2003. Les accidents sont mesurés dans chaque commune sur une base mensuelle ou trimestrielle de 1998 à 2007. Nous nous appuyons sur un modèle semi‑paramétrique très flexible décrivant l’occurrence des accidents et l’effet que les radars peuvent avoir sur eux. Les paramètres du modèle sont estimés en appliquant la méthode des moments généralisés non‑linéaires. Nous montrons que l’installation de radars fixes dans les communes de moins de 6 000 habitants diminue de 13 à 17 % le nombre d’accidents corporels, et de 50 à 75 % le nombre de décès au cours des premiers mois suivant leur installation. Cet effet décroît au‑delà de six mois, tout en restant substantiel : une réduction de 11 % pour les accidents et de 25 % à 50 % pour les décès, par rapport à une situation sans radar fixe. À notre connaissance, la diminution de l’impact des radars au cours du temps est rarement constatée dans la littérature internationale, qui examine le plus souvent les conséquences de court terme. Au final, en extrapolant . jusqu’en 2011 les résultats obtenus sur la période 1998‑2007 dans cette étude, l’installation des radars fixes dans les communes de moins de 6 000 habitants aurait évité environ 740 décès, 2 750 blessés graves et 2 230 accidents entre 2003 et 2011. [eng] Since 2002, road safety policy has placed great emphasis on improving drivers’ control of speed and in particular on increasing the number of speed cameras in place, both fixed and mobile. It is difficult to assess the impact of mobile cameras as the effect is diffuse and not confined to one place. On the other hand, the effect of fixed cameras can be quantified more precisely by studying differences in the number of accidents at the sites where they have been installed compared with sites which are not equipped. This is the aim of this article. We propose to measure the local effect on road accidents of automatic fixed speed traps installed in France since 2003. Accidents were measured in each municipality on a monthly or quarterly basis from 1998 to 2007. We used a very flexible semi‑parametric model describing the occurrence of accidents and the effect that the speed traps could have on them. The model parameters were estimated using the generalised method of nonlinear moments. We show that the installation of fixed speed traps in municipalities with fewer than 6,000 inhabitants reduced the number of injuries on the roads by 13 to 17%, and the number of deaths by 50 to 75% in the first months after they were installed. This effect decreased after six months, while still remaining significant : an 11% decrease in road accidents and a 25% to 50% decrease in deaths, compared with the situation without a fixed camera. To our knowledge, the decrease in the impact of speed traps over time has rarely been observed in the international literature, which usually looks at the short term consequences. Lastly, when the results over the period 1998‑2007 in this study are extrapolated through to 2011, the installation of fixed cameras in municipalities . with fewer than 6,000 inhabitants would have prevented about 740 deaths, 2,750 serious injuries and 2,230 accidents between 2003 and 2011. [spa] El impacto local de los radares fijos en los accidentes de tráfico : un efecto importante tras la instalación pero mitigado a largo plazo. . Desde el año 2002, la política de seguridad vial ha dirigido sus esfuerzos a reforzar el control de la velocidad y, en especial, los radares, tanto fijos como móviles. Respecto a estos últimos, evaluar rigurosamente su impacto resulta difícil, ya que se trata de un efecto extendido a varias partes y no localizado. En cambio, el efecto de los radares fijos puede cuantificarse de manera más precisa estudiando la evolución del número de accidentes en aquellos lugares que hayan sido equipados con un radar y la de aquellos que carezcan de él. Este es el objetivo al que aspira este artículo. Proponemos una medición del efecto local que los radares automáticos de velocidad instalados en Francia a partir de 2013 tienen sobre los accidentes de tráfico. Los accidentes se miden en cada municipio respecto a una base mensual o trimestral de 1998 a 2007. Nos apoyamos en un modelo semiparamétrico muy flexible que describe la ocurrencia de los accidentes y el efecto que los radares pueden tener sobre estos. Los parámetros del modelo se estiman aplicando el método generalizado de momentos no lineales. Mostramos que la instalación de radares fijos en los municipios con menos de 6.000 habitantes disminuye entre un 13% y un 17% el número de accidentes corporales y, entre 50% y 75% el número de accidentes mortales durante los primeros meses tras . su instalación. Este efecto disminuye a partir de los seis meses, sin por ello dejar de ser significativo : una reducción del 11% para los accidentes no mortales y del 25% al 50% para los accidentes mortales. Según . nos consta, la disminución del impacto de los radares a lo largo del tiempo aparece raramente constatada en la literatura internacional, que en general examina las consecuencias a corto plazo. Finalmente, extrapolando . hasta 2011 los resultados obtenidos para el periodo de 1998‑2007 de este estudio, la instalación de radares fijos en los municipios de menos de 6.000 habitantes hubiera evitado alrededor de 740 víctimas mortales, 2.750 heridos graves y 2.230 accidentes entre 2003 y 2011.

Suggested Citation

  • Sébastien Roux & Philippe Zamora, 2013. "L'impact local des radars fixes sur les accidents de la route : un effet important après l'installation mais plus réduit à long terme," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 460(1), pages 37-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2013_num_460_1_10197
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2013.10197
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2013.10197
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.2013.10197
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_2013_num_460_1_10197
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.2013.10197?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., 1997. "Multiplicative Panel Data Models Without the Strict Exogeneity Assumption," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(5), pages 667-678, October.
    2. Ahn, Seung Chan & Hoon Lee, Young & Schmidt, Peter, 2001. "GMM estimation of linear panel data models with time-varying individual effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 219-255, April.
    3. Kiefer, Nicholas M., 1980. "Estimation of fixed effect models for time series of cross-sections with arbitrary intertemporal covariance," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 195-202, October.
    4. Orley Ashenfelter & Michael Greenstone, 2004. "Using Mandated Speed Limits to Measure the Value of a Statistical Life," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 112(S1), pages 226-267, February.
    5. Sébastien Roux & Philippe Zamora, 2011. "Short and Medium-Run Local Effects of Fixed Speed Enforcement Cameras on Accidents : Evidence from the French Case," Working Papers 2011-01, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    6. Jushan Bai, 2009. "Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(4), pages 1229-1279, July.
    7. Guimarães, Paulo, 2008. "The fixed effects negative binomial model revisited," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 99(1), pages 63-66, April.
    8. Heckman, James J & Smith, Jeffrey A, 1999. "The Pre-programme Earnings Dip and the Determinants of Participation in a Social Programme. Implications for Simple Programme Evaluation Strategies," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 109(457), pages 313-348, July.
    9. Lave, Charles & Elias, Patrick, 1994. "Did the 65 mph Speed Limit Save Lives?," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt0z88b38t, University of California Transportation Center.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sébastien Roux & Philippe Zamora, 2011. "Short and Medium-Run Local Effects of Fixed Speed Enforcement Cameras on Accidents : Evidence from the French Case," Working Papers 2011-01, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    2. Kuersteiner, Guido M. & Prucha, Ingmar R., 2013. "Limit theory for panel data models with cross sectional dependence and sequential exogeneity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 174(2), pages 107-126.
    3. Guido M. Kuersteiner & Ingmar R. Prucha, 2020. "Dynamic Spatial Panel Models: Networks, Common Shocks, and Sequential Exogeneity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(5), pages 2109-2146, September.
    4. Hyungsik Roger Moon & Martin Weidner, 2015. "Linear Regression for Panel With Unknown Number of Factors as Interactive Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 83(4), pages 1543-1579, July.
    5. Robertson, Donald & Sarafidis, Vasilis, 2015. "IV estimation of panels with factor residuals," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 185(2), pages 526-541.
    6. Hyungsik Roger Moon & Matthew Shum & Martin Weidner, 2017. "Estimation of random coefficients logit demand models with interactive fixed effects," CeMMAP working papers 12/17, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    7. Hyungsik Roger Roger Moon & Matthew Shum & Martin Weidner, 2012. "Estimation of random coefficients logit demand models with interactive fixed effects," CeMMAP working papers 08/12, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    8. Laurent Gobillon & Thierry Magnac, 2016. "Regional Policy Evaluation: Interactive Fixed Effects and Synthetic Controls," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 98(3), pages 535-551, July.
    9. Sarafidis, Vasilis & Yamagata, Takashi, 2010. "Instrumental Variable Estimation of Dynamic Linear Panel Data Models with Defactored Regressors under Cross-sectional Dependence," MPRA Paper 25182, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Bada, O. & Kneip, A. & Liebl, D. & Mensinger, T. & Gualtieri, J. & Sickles, R.C., 2022. "A wavelet method for panel models with jump discontinuities in the parameters," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 226(2), pages 399-422.
    11. Ahn, Seung C. & Lee, Young H. & Schmidt, Peter, 2013. "Panel data models with multiple time-varying individual effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 174(1), pages 1-14.
    12. Ye, Xiaoqing & Xu, Juan & Wu, Xiangjun, 2018. "Estimation of an unbalanced panel data Tobit model with interactive effects," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 108-123.
    13. De Vos, Ignace & Westerlund, Joakim, 2019. "On CCE estimation of factor-augmented models when regressors are not linear in the factors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 5-7.
    14. Moon, Hyungsik Roger & Shum, Matthew & Weidner, Martin, 2018. "Estimation of random coefficients logit demand models with interactive fixed effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 206(2), pages 613-644.
    15. G. Forchini & Bin Jiang & Bin Peng, 2015. "Common Shocks in panels with Endogenous Regressors," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 8/15, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    16. Bai, Jushan, 2024. "Likelihood approach to dynamic panel models with interactive effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 240(1).
    17. Hyungsik Roger Roger Moon & Martin Weidner, 2013. "Linear regression for panel with unknown number of factors as interactive fixed effects," CeMMAP working papers 49/13, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    18. Denis Chetverikov & Elena Manresa, 2022. "Spectral and post-spectral estimators for grouped panel data models," Papers 2212.13324, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    19. Dmitry Arkhangelsky & Guido Imbens, 2023. "Causal Models for Longitudinal and Panel Data: A Survey," Papers 2311.15458, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2024.
    20. Greenaway-McGrevy, Ryan & Han, Chirok & Sul, Donggyu, 2012. "Asymptotic distribution of factor augmented estimators for panel regression," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 169(1), pages 48-53.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2013_num_460_1_10197. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.