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Les performances de l’Afrique sont-elles les conséquences de sa géographie ?

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  • Paul Collier

Abstract

[fre] Ce papier présente un état des lieux de la performance économique de l’Afrique depuis l’indépendance en des termes qui mettent l’accent sur l’importance du facteur géographique. La géographie physique et la géographie humaine de l’Afrique présentent des traits caractéristiques. La géographie physique montre non seulement de la spécificité, mais également de la diversité entre les pays. En comparaison de ce que l’on peut observer dans d’autres régions du monde, la part relativement élevée des pays à la fois pauvres en ressources et enclavés contribue à une perte de croissance de l’ordre d’un point de croissance du PIB régional. Du point de vue de la géographie humaine, la situation africaine est sans doute assez distinctive, mais en réalité assez peu différenciée entre les pays. Presque tous les pays africains ont en effet une population faible par le nombre et présente une forte diversité ethnique. Corollaire de la petitesse des États, l’application des politiques de réformes et la sécurité intérieure se sont avérés être des objectifs difficiles à réaliser. [eng] This paper offers a geographic interpretation of Africa’s economic performance since independence. Both Africa’s physical geography and its human geography are distinctive. As regards physical geography, Africa is also characterized by country differentiation. The fact that a larger share of Africa’s population lives in landlocked, resource-scarce countries as opposed to coastal, resource-scarce countries alone accounts for one percentage point of the gap between Africa’s growth rate and that of other regions. In terms of human geography, Africa is also distinctive but not so differentiated. Almost all African countries have small populations yet are ethnically diverse. A corollary of small countries is that Africa has found both policy reform and the maintenance of internal security more difficult than other regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Collier, 2008. "Les performances de l’Afrique sont-elles les conséquences de sa géographie ?," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 186(5), pages 11-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2008_num_186_5_7849
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2008.7849
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2008.7849
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    1. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4354 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Alberto Alesina & Eliana La Ferrara, 2003. "Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 2028, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
    3. Lisa Chauvet & Paul Collier, 2006. "Helping Hand ? Aid to Failing States," Working Papers DT/2006/14, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    4. Anke Hoeffler & Paul Collier, 2005. "Democracy and Resource Rents," Economics Series Working Papers GPRG-WPS-016, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    5. Collier, Paul & Goderis, Benedikt, 2008. "Commodity Prices, Growth, and the Natural Resource Curse: Reconciling a Conundrum," MPRA Paper 17315, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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