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Firm Financing over the Business Cycle

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  • Juliane Begenau
  • Juliana Salomao

Abstract

Data from U.S. public firms show that in booms large firms finance with debt and payout equity, whereas small firms issue both equity and debt. Therefore, large firms generally substitute between debt and equity financing over the business cycle, whereas small firms adhere to a procyclical financing policy for debt and equity. We explain these cyclical financing patterns quantitatively using a heterogeneous firm model with endogenous firm dynamics. We find that cross-sectional differences in investment returns and, therefore, funding needs and exposures to financial frictions are essential to understanding how firms’ financing policies respond to macroeconomic shocks.Received December 24, 2016; editorial decision April 24, 2018 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Suggested Citation

  • Juliane Begenau & Juliana Salomao, 2019. "Firm Financing over the Business Cycle," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(4), pages 1235-1274.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:32:y:2019:i:4:p:1235-1274.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhy099
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    Cited by:

    1. Görtz, Christoph & Sakellaris, Plutarchos & Tsoukalas, John D., 2023. "Firms’ financing dynamics around lumpy capacity adjustments," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    2. Tetiana Davydiuk & Scott Richard & Ivan Shaliastovich & Amir Yaron, 2023. "How Risky Are U.S. Corporate Assets?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(1), pages 141-208, February.
    3. Marios Karabarbounis & Patrick Macnamara, 2021. "Misallocation and Financial Frictions: the Role of Long-Term Financing," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 40, pages 44-63, April.
    4. Li, Xing & Ge, Xiangyu & Chen, Zhi, 2023. "The characteristics analysis of credit reallocation in China's corporate sector: From the volatility, spatiality, cyclicality and efficiency approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    5. Lei, Ni & Miao, Qin & Yao, Xin, 2023. "Does the implementation of green credit policy improve the ESG performance of enterprises? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    6. Priit Jeenas & Ricardo Lagos, 2024. "Q-Monetary Transmission," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(3), pages 971-1012.
    7. Andrea Nocera & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2022. "Causal Effects of the Fed's Large-Scale Asset Purchases on Firms' Capital Structure," CESifo Working Paper Series 9695, CESifo.
    8. Andrea Fabiani & Martha López & José-Luis Peydró & Paul E. Soto, 2023. "Capital Controls, Corporate Debt and Real Effects: Evidence from Boom and Crisis Times," Borradores de Economia 1244, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    9. Ayyagari, Meghana & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2021. "How common are credit-less recoveries? Firm-level evidence on the role of financial markets in crisis recovery," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    10. Minetti, Raoul & Moreland, Timothy & Kokas, Sotirios, 2021. "Financial Consolidation and the Cyclicality of Corporate Financing," Working Papers 2021-1, Michigan State University, Department of Economics.
    11. Marios Karabarbounis & Patrick Macnamara, 2021. "Misallocation and Financial Frictions: the Role of Long-Term Financing," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 40, pages 44-63, April.
    12. Hao Dong & Zhenghui Li & Pierre Failler, 2020. "The Impact of Business Cycle on Health Financing: Subsidized, Voluntary and Out-of-Pocket Health Spending," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-24, March.
    13. Pflueger, Carolin & Perla, Jesse & Szkup, Michal, 2020. "Doubling Down on Debt: Limited Liability as a Financial Friction," CEPR Discussion Papers 15238, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Danilo Stojanovic, 2022. "The 2003 Tax Reform and Corporate Payout Policy in the US," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp727, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    15. Barattieri, Alessandro & Moretti, Laura & Quadrini, Vincenzo, 2021. "Banks funding, leverage, and investment," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 148-171.
    16. Denny IRAWAN & OKIMOTO Tatsuyoshi, 2021. "Macro Uncertainties and Tests of Capital Structure Theories across Renewable and Non-Renewable Resource Companies," Discussion papers 21055, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    17. João F. Gomes & Lukas Schmid, 2021. "Equilibrium Asset Pricing with Leverage and Default," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(2), pages 977-1018, April.
    18. Poeschl, Johannes, 2023. "Corporate debt maturity and investment over the business cycle," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    19. Llobet-Dalmases, Joan & Plana-Erta, Dolors & Uribe, Jorge M., 2023. "Cyclical capital structure decisions," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    20. Robert W. Faff, 2019. "Adopting a Structured Abstract Design to More Effectively Catch Reader Attention: An Application of the Pitching Research® Framework," Capital Markets Review, Malaysian Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 1-13.
    21. Muhammad Ramzan & Wee‐Yeap Lau, 2023. "Impact of asset preferences on firm performance over its life cycle: Is agency theory or neo‐classical theory more relevant?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(1), pages 595-607, January.
    22. Deni Irawan & Tatsuyoshi Okimoto, 2021. "Macro Uncertainties and Tests of Capital Structure Theories across Renewable and Non-Renewable Resource Companies," LPEM FEBUI Working Papers 202168, LPEM, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, revised 2021.
    23. Xu Tian, 2022. "Uncertainty and the Shadow Banking Crisis: Estimates from a Dynamic Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(2), pages 1469-1496, February.

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