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Guarantees, Leverage, and Taxes

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  • Elisa Luciano
  • Giovanna Nicodano

Abstract

This paper considers the optimal joint decision on firm organization and capital structure under a tax-bankruptcy trade-off, stressing the role of guarantees against default. Conditional guarantees, which are embedded in parent-subsidiary structures, increase joint value and joint debt relative to unguaranteed stand-alone firms. Such guarantees, that are unilateral rather than mutual for moderate default costs, may dominate the unconditional mutual guarantees built in mergers. We study the optimal characteristics of both guarantors and beneficiaries, as well as their impact on the self-enforcement potential of conditional guarantees.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisa Luciano & Giovanna Nicodano, 2014. "Guarantees, Leverage, and Taxes," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(9), pages 2736-2772.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:27:y:2014:i:9:p:2736-2772.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhu010
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nicodano, Giovanna & Regis, Luca, 2019. "A trade-off theory of ownership and capital structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(3), pages 715-735.
    2. Lotfaliei, Babak, 2018. "Zero leverage and the value in waiting to have debt," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 335-349.
    3. Sereeparp Anantavrasilp & Abe de Jong & Douglas V. DeJong & Ulrich Hege, 2020. "Blockholder leverage and payout policy: Evidence from French holding companies," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(1-2), pages 253-292, January.
    4. William H. Beaver & Stefano Cascino & Maria Correia & Maureen F. McNichols, 2019. "Group Affiliation and Default Prediction," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(8), pages 3559-3584, August.
    5. Stefan Lutz, 2012. "Effects of taxation on European multi-nationals’ financing and profits," Economics Discussion Paper Series 1214, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    6. Wu, Kai & Jin, Zejun & Xu, Maobin, 2022. "Thirst for money: External guarantees and stock price crash risk," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    7. Shan, Yuan George & Wang, Yirui & Wu, Wuqing & Zhen, Weihao, 2023. "Does the Achilles heel of guarantee networks drive financial distress?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    8. Giacinta Cestone & Chiara Fumagalli & Francis Kramaz & Giovanni Pica, 2015. "Insurance Between Firms: The Role of Internal Labor Markets," CSEF Working Papers 386, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy, revised 22 Jan 2020.
    9. Viswanathan Nagarajan & Pitabas Mohanty & Apalak Khatua, 2023. "Financing effects of corporate diversification: A review," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(7), pages 2555-2585, October.
    10. Silvia Bressan, 2017. "Effects from the parent’s exposure to subsidiaries inside Bank Holding Companies (BHCs)," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(2), pages 132-148, April.
    11. Giovanna Nicodano & Luca Regis, 2015. "Ownership, Taxes and Default," Working Papers 7/2015, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, revised Jul 2015.
    12. Zhang, Xiaoqian & Lv, Shixian & Lin, Wenlian, 2020. "Related guarantee and implicit tunneling," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    13. Giacinta Cestone & Chiara Fumagalli & Francis Kramarz & Giovanni Pica, 2023. "Exploiting Growth Opportunities: The Role of Internal Labor Markets," CSEF Working Papers 663, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    14. Michela Altieri & Giovanna Nicodano, 2020. "Survival and Pricing Puzzles," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 604, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    15. Segura, Anatoli & Zeng, Jing, 2020. "Off-balance sheet funding, voluntary support and investment efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 90-107.
    16. Lotfaliei, Babak, 2018. "The variance risk premium and capital structure," ESRB Working Paper Series 70, European Systemic Risk Board.
    17. Peter J. Simmons & Anna Maria C. Menichini, 2022. "Efficient audits by pooling independent projects: Separation vs. conglomeration," Discussion Papers 22/06, Department of Economics, University of York.
    18. Avezum, Lucas & Huizinga, Harry & Raes, Louis, 2022. "The impact of bank regulation on firms’ capital structure: Evidence from multinationals," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    19. Giovanna Nicodano & Luca Regis, 2014. "Complex organizations, tax policy and financial stability," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 359, Collegio Carlo Alberto, revised 2015.
    20. Lóránth, Gyöngyi & Morrison, Alan & Zeng, Jing, 2020. "Organizational Structure and Investment Strategy," CEPR Discussion Papers 15602, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    21. Haddad, Kamal & Lotfaliei, Babak, 2019. "Trade-off theory and zero leverage," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 165-170.
    22. Elisa Luciano & Clas Wihlborg, 2013. "Financial synergies and the Organization of Bank Affiliates; A Theoretical Perspective on Risk and Efficiency," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 322, Collegio Carlo Alberto, revised 2014.
    23. Michela Altieri & Giovanna Nicodano, 2016. "The Apparent Diversification Discount," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 465, Collegio Carlo Alberto.

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