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Relationships among Labor, Bullock, and Tractor Inputs in Pakistan Agriculture

Author

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  • Farman Ali
  • Ashok Parikh

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine relationships among different inputs on tractorized and non-tractorized plots in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The analysis is based on survey data for 1987–88 covering two seasons. A duality approach with a translog cost function is used to estimate cost and input shares. The estimated Allen elasticities of substitution, after correcting for sample selectivity bias, indicate that tractors are a substitute for human and animal labor. All the assumptions of the duality approach are fulfilled by the estimation procedure and the restrictions of theory are not rejected by the data.

Suggested Citation

  • Farman Ali & Ashok Parikh, 1992. "Relationships among Labor, Bullock, and Tractor Inputs in Pakistan Agriculture," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 74(2), pages 371-377.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:74:y:1992:i:2:p:371-377.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1242491
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    Cited by:

    1. Feuerbacher, A. & Grethe, H., 2018. "Implications of the seasonality of labour for rural livelihoods and agricultural supply response," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 276009, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Renwick, Alan W. & Revoredo-Giha, Cesar & Reader, Mark A., 2005. "Uk Sugar Beet Farm Productivity Under Different Reform Scenarios: A Farm Level Analysis," Environmental Economy and Policy Research Discussion Papers 31936, University of Cambridge, Department of Land Economy.
    3. Renwick, Alan W. & Revoredo-Giha, Cesar, 2005. "Analysis Of The Impact On Uk Sugar Production Efficiency Of Reforming The Eu Sugar Regime," Environmental Economy and Policy Research Discussion Papers 31938, University of Cambridge, Department of Land Economy.
    4. Abid A. Burki & Mushtaq A. Khan & Faisal Bari, 2004. "The State of Pakistan’s Dairy Sector: An Assessment," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 43(2), pages 149-174.
    5. Msangi, Siwa & Rosegrant, Mark, 2007. "A Closer Look at the IMPACT of Climate Change on Country-Level Food Security and Nutrition," Conference papers 331635, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    6. Ahmad, Munir & Bravo-Ureta, Boris & Wackernagel, Rick, 1993. "Factor Substitution in Dairy Farming: A Comparison of Allen and Morishima Elasticities," MPRA Paper 72934, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Shumway, C. Richard, 1995. "Recent Duality Contributions In Production Economics," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 20(1), pages 1-17, July.
    8. Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Salau, Sheu, 2011. "How does ownership of farm implements affect investment in other farm implements when farmers' liquidity constraint is relaxed?: Insights from Nigeria," IFPRI discussion papers 1133, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    9. Joao Paulo A. de Souza, 2017. "Biased Technical Change in Agriculture and Industrial Growth," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(3), pages 549-583, July.
    10. Yumei Liu & Wuyang Hu & Simon Jetté-Nantel & Zhihong Tian, 2014. "The Influence of Labor Price Change on Agricultural Machinery Usage in Chinese Agriculture," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 62(2), pages 219-243, June.
    11. Timothy J. Dalton & William A. Masters & Kenneth A. Foster, 1997. "Production costs and input substitution in Zimbabwe's smallholder agriculture," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 17(2-3), pages 201-209, December.
    12. Abid A. Burki & Mushtaq A. Khan & Faisal Bari, 2005. "The State of Pakistan’s Dairy Sector : An Assessment," Microeconomics Working Papers 22247, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.

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