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A nemzetgazdasági konvergencia mozgatórugói az Európai Unióban
[Drivers of national economic convergence in the European Union]

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  • Kertész, Krisztián

Abstract

A tanulmány az elméleti háttér rövid összefoglalása után összehasonlítja 17 európai uniós tagállam elmúlt három évtizedes felzárkózási tendenciáját. Megfigyelhető, hogy a kevésbé fejlett országok gazdaságai gyorsabban növekedtek, és ezáltal az Európai Unión belüli fejlettségi különbségek jelentősen csökkentek. Regressziós elemzéssel kimutatható, hogy lényegesen gyorsabb volt a gazdasági növekedés üteme azokban az országokban, ahol a beruházások hosszú távú átlagos növekedési üteme nagyobb volt. Ezen belül is elsősorban a gép- és berendezés beruhá zá sok, másodsorban az üzleti ingatlanberuházások, harmadsorban pedig a szellemi tulajdonba kerülő termékekbe történő beruházások gyorsították legjobban a növekedést. A lakásberuházásoknak viszont nem volt kimutatható érdemi hatásuk. Bár nem annyira szignifikánsan, mint a beruházások, de - a regressziós elemzések alapján - a nemzetgazdaságok külgazdasági nyitottságának a mértéke is pozitívan korrelált az ország felzárkózásával. Azaz gyorsabb volt a nemzetgazdasági felzárkózás ott, ahol a külkereskedelem volumene a GDP arányában növekedett, valamint ahol - a fejlett technológiák importja miatt - megnőtt a GDP-n belül és a foglalkoztatáson belül a külföldi cégek részesedése. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: F43, O11, O47.

Suggested Citation

  • Kertész, Krisztián, 2022. "A nemzetgazdasági konvergencia mozgatórugói az Európai Unióban [Drivers of national economic convergence in the European Union]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 962-980.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:2067
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2022.7-8.962
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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