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Networks Versus Need: Drivers of Urban Out-Migration in the Brazilian Amazon

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  • Heather Randell
  • Leah VanWey

Abstract

As urbanization rates rise globally, it becomes increasingly important to understand the factors associated with urban out-migration. In this paper, we examine the drivers of urban out-migration among young adults in two medium-sized cities in the Brazilian Amazon—Altamira and Santarém—focusing on the roles of social capital, human capital, and socioeconomic deprivation. Using household survey data from 1,293 individuals in the two cities, we employ an event history model to assess factors associated with migration and a binary logit model to understand factors associated with remitting behavior. We find that in Altamira, migration tends to be an individual-level opportunistic strategy fostered by extra-local family networks, while in Santarém, migration tends to be a household-level strategy driven by socioeconomic deprivation and accompanied by remittances. These results indicate that urban out-migration in Brazil is a diverse social process, and that the relative roles of extra-local networks versus economic need can function quite differently between geographically proximate but historically and socioeconomically distinct cities. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

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  • Heather Randell & Leah VanWey, 2014. "Networks Versus Need: Drivers of Urban Out-Migration in the Brazilian Amazon," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 33(6), pages 915-936, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:33:y:2014:i:6:p:915-936
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-014-9336-7
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    1. Sabrina McCormick, 2016. "Renewable energy in the Brazilian Amazon: The drivers of political economy and climate," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2016-12, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Oestreicher, Jordan Sky & Fatorelli, Leandra & Mertens, Fréderic & Lucotte, Marc & Béliveau, Annie & Tremblay, Stéphane & Saint-Charles, Johanne & Davidson, Robert & Romaña, Christina A., 2018. "Rural livelihood trajectories in the central Brazilian Amazon: Growing inequalities, changing practices, and emerging rural-urban relationships over nearly a decade," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 10, pages 34-43.
    3. Sabrina McCormick, 2016. "Renewable energy in the Brazilian Amazon: The drivers of political economy and climate," WIDER Working Paper Series 012, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

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