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Yerel Yönetimlerin Yoksullukla Mücadeledeki Yeri: Küresel Düzeyden Yerel Düzeye Yeni Yönelimler

Author

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  • Ali YEŞİLDAL

    (Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye)

Abstract

Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programına (UNDP) göre dünya genelinde yaklaşık bir milyar insanın aşırı yoksulluk koşullarında günde bir doların altında yaşadığı, temel beşeri ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamadığı ve en az bir milyar insanın da göreceli yoksulluk koşullarında yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu, dünyadaki çocukların üçte birinden fazlasının yetersiz beslendiği, yarısından çoğu kadın olmak üzere 840 milyondan fazla yetişkinin okuma yazma bilmediği, 1.2 milyon insanın güvenli içme suyuna erişimi olmadan yaşadığı anlamına gelmektedir. Küresel yoksulluğa ilişkin bu acı tablo, yoksulluğun günümüzde belki daha önceleri hiç olmadığı kadar kronik bir sorun haline geldiğini açıkça göstermektedir. Bu duruma bağlı olarak, son zamanlarda yoksullukla mücadelede yerel yönetimler daha sık gündeme gelmektedir. Nitekim çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı yerel yönetimlerin yoksullukla mücadelede etkin bir görev alabilmesi mümkün görünmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yerel yönetimler, genellikle, yoksulluk nedenlerini belirlemek, müdahalelere öncelik vermek veya yoksulların belirli gruplarını hedef alan veri ve bilgilerden yoksundur. Daha önce merkezi planlama ile görevlendirilen yerel yönetimler, yerel kalkınma planlarının hazırlanması ve uygulanmasında çok az deneyime sahiptir. Yetersiz yetki devri, kaynakların orantısız dağıtılması veya sektörler arasında koordinasyonun zayıf olması, yerel yönetimlerin yoksullukla mücadele kapasitelerini daha da kısıtlamıştır. Sınırlı aşağı doğru hesap verebilirlik, yeni yetkilendirilmiş makamların siyasi iradesinin harekete geçmesini de sınırlamıştır. Bu gibi nedenlerle bu çalışma, yerel yönetimlerin yoksullukla çok boyutlu bir mücadelenin ancak bileşenlerinden biri olabileceğini savunmakta; sürdürülebilir ve kalıcı etkilerin ancak ve ancak merkezi politika ve müdahaleleri başarıyla tamamlayabildiklerinde söz konusu olabileceğini ileri sürmektedir. Nitekim küreselleşme süreciyle birlikte, gittikçe daha da derinleşen ve kalıcı hale gelen yoksulluk sorunu, bu tür bir iş bölümünü daha da gerekli kılmaktadır.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali YEŞİLDAL, 2020. "Yerel Yönetimlerin Yoksullukla Mücadeledeki Yeri: Küresel Düzeyden Yerel Düzeye Yeni Yönelimler," Journal of Social Policy Conferences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(78), pages 455-481, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:iujspc:v:0:y:2020:i:78:p:455-481
    DOI: 10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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