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Social and Demographic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis of Province Punjab

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Awais Anwa

    (University of Shandong China, China.)

  • Samia Nasreen

    (Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.)

  • Anam Shahzadi

    (Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.)

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of present study is to explore the social and demographic determinants of total crime, property crime and violent crime in Punjab, the main province of Pakistan. Methodology- 25 districts of province Punjab are selected as sample for empirical estimation. The time span to be covered in the study is 2005- 2012. Findings- Empirical evidences estimated by applying fixed and random effects models reveals that deterrence variable positively and significantly impact different level of crime in Pakistan. Recommendations: Similarly, increase in population density is an important factor to stimulate criminal activities in Pakistan. However education provides mixed evidence in our analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Awais Anwa & Samia Nasreen & Anam Shahzadi, 2015. "Social and Demographic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis of Province Punjab," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 3(9), pages 440-447, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ijr:journl:v:3:y:2015:i:9:p:440-447
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    4. Fajnzylber, Pablo & Lederman, Daniel & Loayza, Norman, 2002. "What causes violent crime?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(7), pages 1323-1357, July.
    5. Lance Lochner, 2007. "Individual Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 97(1), pages 444-460, March.
    6. Gumus, Erdal, 2003. "Crime in Urban Areas: An Empirical Investigation," MPRA Paper 42106, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Paolo Buonanno & Leone Leonida, 2006. "Education and crime: evidence from Italian regions," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(11), pages 709-713.
    8. Hafiz Hanzla Jalil & Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, 2010. "Urbanisation and Crime: A Case Study of Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 49(4), pages 741-755.
    9. Grogger, Jeff, 1998. "Market Wages and Youth Crime," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(4), pages 756-791, October.
    10. Richard B. Freeman, 1991. "Crime and the Employment of Disadvantaged Youths," NBER Working Papers 3875, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Cited by:

    1. Amjad Ali & Chan Bibi, 2020. "Public Policies, Socio-Economic Environment And Crimes In Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Saqib Amin & Nawaz Ahmad, 2018. "Ethnic Diversity, Social Exclusion and Economic Determinants of Crimes: A Case Study of Pakistan," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 140(1), pages 267-286, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crime; Property Crime; Violent Crime; Education; Pakistan; Panel data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General

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