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Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater and Surface Temperature Changes: A Case Study of Lahore City

Author

Listed:
  • Huzaifah Zahran

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Zeeshan Ali

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Khan Zaib Jadoon

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Hammad Ullah Khan Yousafzai

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Khalil Ur Rahman

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

Abstract

The over-exploitation of groundwater resources is a significant concern due to the potential risks associated with the depletion of this valuable freshwater source. Future planning must consider changes in groundwater availability and urban expansion which are critical for understanding urban growth patterns. This study aims to investigate the impact of land cover change on groundwater depletion. Further, the Land surface temperature (LST) analysis has been performed to find the spatial spread of urbanization and its impact on surface temperature. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data for groundwater storage monitoring and Landsat data for land cover and LST mapping have been used. The GRACE-based Groundwater Storage (GWS) anomaly has been correlated with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based precipitation data. The GWS is further cross validated with the groundwater monitoring stations in the study area and the correlation of 0.7 is found. The time series analysis of GWS and the land cover maps with a decadal interval from 1990 to 2020 has been developed to find the impact of groundwater change due to urbanization. The results demonstrate a rapid increase in groundwater depletion and urbanization rates over the past decade. The LST spatial pattern is increasing similarly with the study area’s urban expansion, indicating the temperature rise due to urbanization. The study highlights the limitation of effective policies to regulate groundwater extraction in urban areas and the importance of proper planning to ensure the long-term sustainability of freshwater resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Huzaifah Zahran & Muhammad Zeeshan Ali & Khan Zaib Jadoon & Hammad Ullah Khan Yousafzai & Khalil Ur Rahman & Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh, 2023. "Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater and Surface Temperature Changes: A Case Study of Lahore City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6864-:d:1127240
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Scott Moore & Joshua Fisher, 2012. "Challenges and Opportunities in GRACE-Based Groundwater Storage Assessment and Management: An Example from Yemen," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(6), pages 1425-1453, April.
    3. Gulraiz Akhter & Yonggang Ge & Naveed Iqbal & Yanjun Shang & Muhammad Hasan, 2021. "Appraisal of Remote Sensing Technology for Groundwater Resource Management Perspective in Indus Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Akhtar Rehman & Jun Qin & Amjad Pervez & Muhammad Sadiq Khan & Siddique Ullah & Khalid Ahmad & Nazir Ur Rehman, 2022. "Land-Use/Land Cover Changes Contribute to Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-15, January.
    5. Matthew Rodell & Isabella Velicogna & James S. Famiglietti, 2009. "Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India," Nature, Nature, vol. 460(7258), pages 999-1002, August.
    6. Hone-Jay Chu & Chun-Yu Liu & Chi-Kuei Wang, 2013. "Identifying the Relationships between Water Quality and Land Cover Changes in the Tseng-Wen Reservoir Watershed of Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-12, January.
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