IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i2p1391-d1032298.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of Engine Load and Ternary Mixture on Combustion and Emissions from a Diesel Engine Using Later Injection Timing

Author

Listed:
  • Jun Cong Ge

    (Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Jung Young Kim

    (Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Byeong O Yoo

    (Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Jun Hee Song

    (Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
    Department of Convergence Technology Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

As a high oxygenated fuel, bioethanol has already obtained more and more widespread attention in diesel engines. The present work aims to study and compare effects of various diesel-bioethanol-biodiesel ternary mixture fuels on combustion and emissions from a four-cylinder diesel engine. A series of engine experiments are conducted on neat diesel fuel (D100), 95% D100 blended with 5% bioethanol and 1% biodiesel by volume (D95E5B1), 90% D100 blended with 10% bioethanol and 1% biodiesel by volume (D90E10B1), and 85% D100 blended with 15% bioethanol and 1% biodiesel by volume (D85E15B1) according to various engine loads (40, 80 and 120 Nm). The experimental results show that the peak value of pressure and heat release rate (HRR) in the cylinder, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke emissions increase with the increase in engine load, but the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases. There is no significant variation in cylinder pressure with the addition of ethanol, but HRR is improved and NOx and smoke emissions are effectively controlled. It is exciting that the addition of ethanol can simultaneously reduce NOx and smoke emissions under medium and high load conditions. Specifically, at 120 Nm, ethanol addition simultaneously reduces NOx emissions by 2.08% and smoke opacity by 36.08% on average. Through the results of this study, it is found that the ethanol can improve the combustion of the four-cylinder diesel engine and also effectively control the emissions of NOx and smoke. Therefore, ethanol will play an important role in the future research field of energy saving and emission reduction for diesel engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Cong Ge & Jung Young Kim & Byeong O Yoo & Jun Hee Song, 2023. "Effects of Engine Load and Ternary Mixture on Combustion and Emissions from a Diesel Engine Using Later Injection Timing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1391-:d:1032298
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/2/1391/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/2/1391/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roy, Murari Mohon & Calder, Jorge & Wang, Wilson & Mangad, Arvind & Diniz, Fernando Cezar Mariano, 2016. "Cold start idle emissions from a modern Tier-4 turbo-charged diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, and diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 52-65.
    2. Hountalas, D.T. & Mavropoulos, G.C. & Binder, K.B., 2008. "Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) temperature for various EGR rates on heavy duty DI diesel engine performance and emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 272-283.
    3. An, H. & Yang, W.M. & Chou, S.K. & Chua, K.J., 2012. "Combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine fueled by biodiesel at partial load conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 363-371.
    4. Yilmaz, Nadir, 2012. "Comparative analysis of biodiesel–ethanol–diesel and biodiesel–methanol–diesel blends in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 210-213.
    5. Liu, Haoye & Wang, Zhi & Wang, Jianxin & He, Xin, 2016. "Improvement of emission characteristics and thermal efficiency in diesel engines by fueling gasoline/diesel/PODEn blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 105-112.
    6. Venu, Harish & Raju, V. Dhana & Lingesan, S. & Elahi M Soudagar, Manzoore, 2021. "Influence of Al2O3nano additives in ternary fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends operated in a single cylinder diesel engine: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    7. Wei, L. & Cheung, C.S. & Ning, Z., 2018. "Effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-butanol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 957-970.
    8. Tse, H. & Leung, C.W. & Cheung, C.S., 2015. "Investigation on the combustion characteristics and particulate emissions from a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 343-350.
    9. Hulwan, Dattatray Bapu & Joshi, Satishchandra V., 2011. "Performance, emission and combustion characteristic of a multicylinder DI diesel engine running on diesel–ethanol–biodiesel blends of high ethanol content," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 5042-5055.
    10. Shahir, S.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Imran, A. & Ashraful, A.M., 2015. "Performance and emission assessment of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend as a fuel in diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 62-78.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sibel Osman & Olga Valerica Sapunaru & Ancaelena Eliza Sterpu & Timur Vasile Chis & Claudia I.Koncsag, 2023. "Impact of Adding Bioethanol and Dimethyl Carbonate on Gasoline Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-13, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Eryilmaz, Tanzer & Arslan, Mevlüt, 2018. "A comparative analysis of the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviors of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel/diesel/1-butanol (C4 alcohol) and biodiesel/diesel/," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1332-1351.
    2. Ge, Jun Cong & Wu, Guirong & Yoo, Byeong-O & Choi, Nag Jung, 2022. "Effect of injection timing on combustion, emission and particle morphology of an old diesel engine fueled with ternary blends at low idling operations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    4. Yusri, I.M. & Mamat, R. & Najafi, G. & Razman, A. & Awad, Omar I. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Shaiful, A.I.M., 2017. "Alcohol based automotive fuels from first four alcohol family in compression and spark ignition engine: A review on engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 169-181.
    5. Pradelle, Florian & Leal Braga, Sergio & Fonseca de Aguiar Martins, Ana Rosa & Turkovics, Franck & Nohra Chaar Pradelle, Renata, 2019. "Performance and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine running on diesel-biodiesel-ethanol (DBE) blends – Potential as diesel fuel substitute on an Euro III engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 586-598.
    6. Felipe Andrade Torres & Omid Doustdar & Jose Martin Herreros & Runzhao Li & Robert Poku & Athanasios Tsolakis & Jorge Martins & Silvio A. B. Vieira de Melo, 2021. "A Comparative Study of Biofuels and Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Blends on the Engine Combustion Performance for Reducing Exhaust Gaseous and Particulate Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Guirong Wu & Jun Cong Ge & Nag Jung Choi, 2021. "Effect of Ethanol Additives on Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Palm Oil Biodiesel at Idling Speed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, March.
    8. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Cheung, Chun Shun & Yung, Ka-Fu, 2018. "Study of combustion, performance and emissions of diesel engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel/alcohol blends having the same oxygen concentration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 258-269.
    9. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.
    10. Tse, H. & Leung, C.W. & Cheung, C.S., 2015. "Investigation on the combustion characteristics and particulate emissions from a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 343-350.
    11. Deng, Yuanwang & Liu, Huawei & Zhao, Xiaohuan & E, Jiaqiang & Chen, Jianmei, 2018. "Effects of cold start control strategy on cold start performance of the diesel engine based on a comprehensive preheat diesel engine model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 279-287.
    12. Ettefaghi, Ehsanollah & Rashidi, Alimorad & Ghobadian, Barat & Najafi, G. & Ghasemy, Ebrahim & Khoshtaghaza, Mohammad Hadi & Delavarizadeh, Saman & Mazlan, Mohamed, 2021. "Bio-nano emulsion fuel based on graphene quantum dot nanoparticles for reducing energy consumption and pollutants emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    13. Shen, Shiquan & Sun, Kai & Che, Zhizhao & Wang, Tianyou & Jia, Ming & Cai, Junqian, 2020. "Mechanism of micro-explosion of water-in-oil emulsified fuel droplet and its effect on soot generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    14. Márcio Carvalho & Felipe Torres & Vitor Ferreira & Júlio Silva & Jorge Martins & Ednildo Torres, 2020. "Effects of Diethyl Ether Introduction in Emissions and Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-14, July.
    15. Alptekin, Ertan, 2017. "Emission, injection and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated fuel blends in a common rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 44-52.
    16. Emmanuelle Soares de Carvalho Freitas & Lílian Lefol Nani Guarieiro & Marcus Vinícius Ivo da Silva & Keize Katiane dos Santos Amparo & Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado & Egidio Teixeira de Almeida Guerre, 2022. "Emission and Performance Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Using Addition of Ethanol to Diesel/Biodiesel Fuel Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, April.
    17. An, H. & Yang, W.M. & Li, J., 2015. "Effects of ethanol addition on biodiesel combustion: A modeling study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 176-188.
    18. Doppalapudi, A.T. & Azad, A.K. & Khan, M.M.K., 2023. "Advanced strategies to reduce harmful nitrogen-oxide emissions from biodiesel fueled engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    19. Ganesha Thippeshnaik & Sajjal Basanna Prakash & Ajith Bintravalli Suresh & Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa & Olusegun David Samuel & Oguzhan Der & Ali Ercetin, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of Compression Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of Ternary Blends with Higher Alcohols (1-Heptanol and n -Octanol)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-25, September.
    20. Islam, Muhammad Aminul & Heimann, Kirsten & Brown, Richard J., 2017. "Microalgae biodiesel: Current status and future needs for engine performance and emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1160-1170.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1391-:d:1032298. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.