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Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Sensitivity Analysis of Elevators

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  • Yanfang Dong

    (School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    College of Energy Engineering and Building Environment, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Caihang Liang

    (School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Lili Guo

    (School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Xiaoliang Cai

    (KONE CHINA, 88 Middle Gucheng Rd Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, China)

  • Weipeng Hu

    (Guangxi Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Nanning 541004, China)

Abstract

With the intensification of climate warming, the carbon dioxide emissions from high-energy-consuming elevators have attracted increasing societal attention. The assessment of carbon dioxide emissions, particularly the boundaries and strategies of carbon dioxide emissions accounting, lacks systematic research. However, an efficient evaluation of elevator carbon dioxide emissions is beneficial for improving elevator energy utilization. A carbon dioxide emissions accounting method and inventory analysis of a life cycle for an elevator is proposed to measure the carbon dioxide emissions from production to disposal. In addition, a new assessment indicator, namely, annual carbon dioxide emissions per ton·kilometer, is proposed to evaluate the carbon dioxide emissions for different types of elevators. The lifetime carbon dioxide emissions of the elevator and its sensitivity to influencing factors were assessed. The results indicate that the carbon dioxide emissions in the four stages of manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance, and demolition and scraping contributed 41.31%, 0.92%, 57.32% and 0.44%, respectively. The annual carbon dioxide emissions of the elevator were about 27.18 kgCO 2 /t·km. The four primary factors affecting CO 2 emissions were electricity consumption, printed circuit boards, low-alloy steel and chrome steel in descending order. Their probability distribution characteristics all obeyed triangular or uniform distributions. The median of their 95% confidence intervals was about 73,800. Their coefficients of variation were all below 2.1%. The effective strategies for energy conservation and carbon reduction were suggested by the life cycle impactor assessment. They also provide guidance for sustainable elevators.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanfang Dong & Caihang Liang & Lili Guo & Xiaoliang Cai & Weipeng Hu, 2023. "Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Sensitivity Analysis of Elevators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:17:p:13133-:d:1230349
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Chau, C.K. & Leung, T.M. & Ng, W.Y., 2015. "A review on Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Energy Assessment and Life Cycle Carbon Emissions Assessment on buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 395-413.
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    5. Pan, Wei & Li, Kaijian & Teng, Yue, 2018. "Rethinking system boundaries of the life cycle carbon emissions of buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 379-390.
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