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Granulated Animal Feed and Fuel Based on Sea Buckthorn Agro-Waste Biomass for Sustainable Berry Production

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  • Anna Andersone

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
    Ekokompozit Ltd., Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia)

  • Sarmite Janceva

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia)

  • Liga Lauberte

    (Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia)

  • Natalija Zaharova

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
    Ekokompozit Ltd., Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia)

  • Mihail Chervenkov

    (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Vilhelmine Jurkjane

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia)

  • Lilija Jashina

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia)

  • Gints Rieksts

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
    The Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, Miera 32, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia)

  • Galina Telysheva

    (Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
    The article authors from the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry and Riga Stradinš University are grateful to Professor, Dr. habil. chem. Galina Telysheva, who started the work with sea buckthorn in this project and was our great leader until her passing in November 2021, for teaching and inspiring us to study a unique material—lignocellulosic biomass.)

Abstract

The industrial harvesting of sea buckthorn (SBT) berries with twigs and subsequent pruning creates a large volume of lignocellulosic agro-waste. This study aimed to valorize this agro-waste as a raw material for animal feed and fuel granules, for developing a sustainable cascading SBT production scheme. Five SBT cultivars’ biomasses were characterized by analytical pyrolysis, mass spectrometry, and GC analysis. Condensed tannins, which are undesirable components for animal feed, were separated by extraction. The residue was analyzed for total protein, vitamins (A, C, and E), ash, crude fat, wood fiber, and macroelements (P, K, Ca, and Na), and showed great potential. The heavy metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb) content did not exceed the permitted EU maximum. Granulation regimes were elaborated using a flat-die pelletizer, KAHL 14-175. The digestibility and the amount of produced gas emissions were determined using in vitro systems that recreate the digestion of small ruminants. The investigation proved that SBT leaves and stems are a unique underutilized source of animal feed, used alone or in combination with others. Twigs, due to their thorns, were granulated and valorized according to standards for application as fuel. The scheme offered in this study enables SBT agro-waste utilization and sustainable SBT berry production.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Andersone & Sarmite Janceva & Liga Lauberte & Natalija Zaharova & Mihail Chervenkov & Vilhelmine Jurkjane & Lilija Jashina & Gints Rieksts & Galina Telysheva, 2023. "Granulated Animal Feed and Fuel Based on Sea Buckthorn Agro-Waste Biomass for Sustainable Berry Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:11152-:d:1196134
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lawrence, John D. & Mintert, James R. & Anderson, John D. & Anderson, David P., 2008. "Feed Grains and Livestock: Impacts on Meat Supplies and Prices," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 23(2), pages 1-5.
    2. Anca-Mihaela Gâtlan & Gheorghe Gutt, 2021. "Sea Buckthorn in Plant Based Diets. An Analytical Approach of Sea Buckthorn Fruits Composition: Nutritional Value, Applications, and Health Benefits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-23, August.
    3. Anderson, David P. & Anderson, John D. & Sawyer, Jason, 2008. "Impact of the Ethanol Boom on Livestock and Dairy Industries: What Are They Going to Eat?," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 40(2), pages 1-7, August.
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