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The Influence of Emissions from Maritime Transport on Air Quality in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain)

Author

Listed:
  • Vanessa Durán-Grados

    (Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Rubén Rodríguez-Moreno

    (Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Fátima Calderay-Cayetano

    (Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Yolanda Amado-Sánchez

    (Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Emilio Pájaro-Velázquez

    (Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Rafael A. O. Nunes

    (LEPABE—Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnología e Energía, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Maria C. M. Alvim-Ferraz

    (LEPABE—Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnología e Energía, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Sofia I. V. Sousa

    (LEPABE—Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnología e Energía, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Juan Moreno-Gutiérrez

    (Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
    Current affiliation: Thermal Engines Department Polígono Río San Pedr, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.)

Abstract

Gaseous and particulate emissions from oceangoing ships have a significant effect on the quality of air in cities. This study estimates mainly the influence of NO x , SO x , and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) on air quality in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain) using the authors’ own Ship’s Energy and Emissions Model (SENEM) and the California Puff air quality model (CALPUFF) in 2017. The Algeciras Bay Industrial Zone recorded the highest levels of pollutants, and the Palmones area was identified as a major hotspot, with mean daily ship-sourced SO x concentrations >215 μg/m 3 , while the highest concentrations of PM 10 reached 8.5 μg/m 3 inside the Strait, and the mean yearly contribution of PM 2.5 reached 0.86 μg/m 3 in the city of Algeciras. The incidence of maritime traffic emissions on the levels of particle emissions, CO, HC, NMVOC, and CO 2 reached values of up to 20–25% in all the receivers defined in the study.

Suggested Citation

  • Vanessa Durán-Grados & Rubén Rodríguez-Moreno & Fátima Calderay-Cayetano & Yolanda Amado-Sánchez & Emilio Pájaro-Velázquez & Rafael A. O. Nunes & Maria C. M. Alvim-Ferraz & Sofia I. V. Sousa & Juan Mo, 2022. "The Influence of Emissions from Maritime Transport on Air Quality in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:19:p:12507-:d:930724
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kevin Cullinane & Sharon Cullinane, 2013. "Atmospheric Emissions from Shipping: The Need for Regulation and Approaches to Compliance," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 377-401, July.
    2. Philippe Crist, 2009. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential from International Shipping," OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers 2009/11, OECD Publishing.
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    Cited by:

    1. María Inmaculada Rodríguez-García & María Gema Carrasco-García & Javier González-Enrique & Juan Jesús Ruiz-Aguilar & Ignacio J. Turias, 2023. "Long Short-Term Memory Approach for Short-Term Air Quality Forecasting in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.

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