IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i18p11391-d912062.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Examining the Interaction Effect of Control of Corruption and Income Level on Environmental Quality in Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Ojonugwa Usman

    (Department of Economics, Istanbul Ticaret University, Istanbul 34445, Turkey)

  • Paul Terhemba Iorember

    (Department of Economics, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria)

  • Ilhan Ozturk

    (College of Business Administration, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Istanbul 25370, Turkey
    Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

  • Festus Victor Bekun

    (Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34310, Turkey
    Department of Economics, Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut 11022801, Lebanon)

Abstract

The effects of corruption and income on environmental degradation is well established in the literature. However, little attention has been given to how the control of corruption affects the environmental quality at different levels of income. This study examines the interaction effect of the control of corruption and income on environmental quality in Africa over the period from 1996 to 2017. Using a Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) with fixed effects, the results revealed that both the control of corruption and income level increase CO 2 emissions while their interaction term reduces CO 2 emissions. This implies that the interaction effect of the control of corruption and income level mitigates carbon emissions. Particularly, the marginal effect of the control of corruption on CO 2 emissions decreases as income level increases. Furthermore, renewable energy consumption has a negative and significant effect on CO 2 emissions. The effect of foreign direct investment on CO 2 emissions is positive and significant, which validates the pollution haven hypothesis. These results are heterogeneous across the quantile distribution of CO 2 emissions. Based on these findings, our study suggests the need for the government and policymakers to stimulate income levels as a prerequisite for achieving sound and effective environmental policies in Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Ojonugwa Usman & Paul Terhemba Iorember & Ilhan Ozturk & Festus Victor Bekun, 2022. "Examining the Interaction Effect of Control of Corruption and Income Level on Environmental Quality in Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11391-:d:912062
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11391/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11391/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Simplice A. Asongu & Chimere O. Iheonu & Kingsley O. Odo, 2019. "The Conditional Relationship between Renewable Energy and Environmental Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 19/074, African Governance and Development Institute..
    2. Ivan A. Canay, 2011. "A simple approach to quantile regression for panel data," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 14(3), pages 368-386, October.
    3. Koenker, Roger, 2004. "Quantile regression for longitudinal data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 74-89, October.
    4. John C. Driscoll & Aart C. Kraay, 1998. "Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation With Spatially Dependent Panel Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(4), pages 549-560, November.
    5. Im, Kyung So & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 2003. "Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 53-74, July.
    6. Wilman-Santiago Ochoa-Moreno & Byron Alejandro Quito & Carlos Andrés Moreno-Hurtado, 2021. "Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Quality: Revisiting the EKC in Latin American Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    7. Paul Terhemba Iorember & Solomon Gbaka & Gylych Jelilov & Nargiza Alymkulova & Ojonugwa Usman, 2022. "Impact of international trade, energy consumption and income on environmental degradation in Africa's OPEC member countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 175-187, June.
    8. Lapatinas, Athanasios, 2019. "The effect of the Internet on economic sophistication: An empirical analysis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 35-38.
    9. Muhammad Shahbaz & Mantu Kumar Mahalik & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Shawkat Hammoudeh, 2019. "Testing the globalization-driven carbon emissions hypothesis: International evidence," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 158, pages 25-38.
    10. Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie & Emmanuel Ackom & Festus Victor Bekun & Phebe Asantewaa Owusu, 2020. "Energy–Climate–Economy–Population Nexus: An Empirical Analysis in Kenya, Senegal, and Eswatini," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-16, July.
    11. Zoundi, Zakaria, 2017. "CO2 emissions, renewable energy and the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a panel cointegration approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1067-1075.
    12. Muhammad Shahbaz & Samia Nasreen & Ilhan Ozturk, 2016. "FDI, Growth and CO2 Emissions Relationship: Evidence from High, Middle and Low Income Countries," Bulletin of Energy Economics (BEE), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 4(1), pages 54-69, March.
    13. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    14. Sinha, Avik & Gupta, Monika & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sengupta, Tuhin, 2019. "Impact of Corruption in Public Sector on Environmental Quality: Implications for Sustainability in BRICS and Next 11 Countries," MPRA Paper 94357, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 05 Jun 2019.
    15. Wang, Shuhong & Zhao, Danqing & Chen, Hanxue, 2020. "Government corruption, resource misallocation, and ecological efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    16. Sudharshan Reddy Paramati & Md Samsul Alam & Shawkat Hammoudeh & Khalid Hafeez, 2021. "Long‐run relationship between R&D investment and environmental sustainability: Evidence from the European Union member countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5775-5792, October.
    17. Zhao, Quanshui, 2000. "Restricted Regression Quantiles," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 78-99, January.
    18. Ulucak, Recep & Danish, & Ozcan, Burcu, 2020. "Relationship between energy consumption and environmental sustainability in OECD countries: The role of natural resources rents," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    19. Mohamed Abdouli & Sami Hammami, 2017. "Economic growth, FDI inflows and their impact on the environment: an empirical study for the MENA countries," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 121-146, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Paul Terhemba Iorember & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff, 2023. "Income–environmental nexus in Africa: The integrating role of renewable energy transition and governance quality," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 35(4), pages 376-389, December.
    2. Syed Mithun Ali & Andrea Appolloni & Fausto Cavallaro & Idiano D’Adamo & Assunta Di Vaio & Francesco Ferella & Massimo Gastaldi & Muhammad Ikram & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Michael Alan Martin & Abdul, 2023. "Development Goals towards Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-11, June.
    3. Nuno Carlos Leitão & Matheus Koengkan & José Alberto Fuinhas, 2022. "The Role of Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Renewable Energy on Portuguese Carbon Dioxide Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Suisui Chen & Xintian Liu & Shuhong Wang & Peng Wang, 2023. "Regional Corruption, Foreign Trade, and Environmental Pollution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jahanger, Atif & Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Usman, Muhammad & Chukwuma Onwe, Joshua, 2023. "Recent scenario and nexus between natural resource dependence, energy use and pollution cycles in BRICS region: Does the mediating role of human capital exist?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    2. Chien, FengSheng, 2022. "How renewable energy and non-renewable energy affect environmental excellence in N-11 economies?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 526-534.
    3. Dogan, Eyup & Altinoz, Buket & Tzeremes, Panayiotis, 2020. "The analysis of ‘Financial Resource Curse’ hypothesis for developed countries: Evidence from asymmetric effects with quantile regression," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Mehmet Balcilar & Ojonugwa Usman & George N. Ike, 2023. "Investing green for sustainable development without ditching economic growth," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(2), pages 728-743, April.
    5. Dogan, Eyup & Altinoz, Buket & Madaleno, Mara & Taskin, Dilvin, 2020. "The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth: A replication and extension of Inglesi-Lotz (2016)," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    6. Paul Terhemba Iorember & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff, 2023. "Income–environmental nexus in Africa: The integrating role of renewable energy transition and governance quality," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 35(4), pages 376-389, December.
    7. Razzaq, Asif & Ajaz, Tahseen & Li, Jing Claire & Irfan, Muhammad & Suksatan, Wanich, 2021. "Investigating the asymmetric linkages between infrastructure development, green innovation, and consumption-based material footprint: Novel empirical estimations from highly resource-consuming economi," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    8. Meng Lingyan & Ze Zhao & Haider Ali Malik & Asif Razzaq & Hui An & Marria Hassan, 2022. "Asymmetric impact of fiscal decentralization and environmental innovation on carbon emissions: Evidence from highly decentralized countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(4), pages 752-782, June.
    9. Anwar, Ahsan & Siddique, Muhammad & Eyup Dogan, & Sharif, Arshian, 2021. "The moderating role of renewable and non-renewable energy in environment-income nexus for ASEAN countries: Evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 956-967.
    10. Trofimov, Ivan D., 2020. "Health Care Spending and Economic Growth: Armey-Rahn Curve in a Panel of European Economies," MPRA Paper 106705, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Albulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Yoon, Seong-Min & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "FDI, income, and environmental pollution in Latin America: Replication and extension using panel quantiles regression analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    12. Muhammad Zahid Rafique & Nicolas Schneider & Umer Shahzad & Malin Song, 2022. "High‐tech industries, financial expansion, and low‐carbon energy deployment along the Belt and Road Initiative," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1779-1795, December.
    13. Ben-Salha Ousama & Zmami Mourad, 2020. "The impact of private capital flows on economic growth in the MENA region," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 6(3), pages 45-67, August.
    14. Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Maria Mazhar & Isma Samreen & Aisha Tauqir, 2022. "Economic complexities and environmental degradation: evidence from OECD countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 5846-5866, April.
    15. Yunpeng Sun & Asif Razzaq, 2022. "Composite fiscal decentralisation and green innovation: Imperative strategy for institutional reforms and sustainable development in OECD countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 944-957, October.
    16. Fu, Haoliang & Guo, Wenwei & Sun, Zheng & Xia, Ting, 2023. "Asymmetric impact of natural resources rent, monetary and fiscal policies on environmental sustainability in BRICS countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    17. Chinazaekpere Nwani & Ekpeno L. Effiong & Enyinnaya Timothy Matthew, 2023. "Globalization‐induced social changes and their environmental impacts: Assessing the role of information and communication technology in sub‐Saharan Africa," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(2), pages 347-367, March.
    18. Dongwon Lee & Yu-chin Chen, 2014. "What Makes a Commodity Currency?," Working Papers 201420, University of California at Riverside, Department of Economics.
    19. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2023. "The Least developed countries' TRIPS Waiver and the Strength of Intellectual Property Protection," EconStor Preprints 271537, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    20. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M.Odhiambo, "undated". "Governance and Renewable Energy Consumption in sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers AESRIWP11, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11391-:d:912062. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.