IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i13p8112-d854632.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso Infante-Moro

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Juan C. Infante-Moro

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Julia Gallardo-Pérez

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Francisco J. Martínez-López

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

Abstract

Between two possible practices when supervising a remote synchronous evaluation, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of Spanish universities opted for the use of videoconferences with audio and active video, instead of implementing e-proctoring. Thus, in order to analyze the reasons for this non-implementation and take measures so that its use can be extended in the Spanish university system, this study focused on identifying the critical factors in the decision of Spanish universities to accept and implement e-proctoring as a method of remote supervision. For this, a causal study was carried out using the methodology of fuzzy cognitive maps, and the data obtained were processed through the FCMappers tool. This allowed a glimpse of the key role played by students in this non-implementation (who alleged the non-possibility of having the resources necessary for the use of e-proctoring and the violation of privacy that the use of this tool entailed) and highlighted the role of the “pressure or incentives from government” factor if these allegations are to be eliminated and if e-proctoring is to be implemented in Spanish universities.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso Infante-Moro & Juan C. Infante-Moro & Julia Gallardo-Pérez & Francisco J. Martínez-López, 2022. "Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:8112-:d:854632
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/8112/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/8112/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Denis Collins & James Weber & Rebecca Zambrano, 2014. "Teaching Business Ethics Online: Perspectives on Course Design, Delivery, Student Engagement, and Assessment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 125(3), pages 513-529, December.
    2. -, 2020. "Education in the time of COVID-19," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45905 edited by Eclac, March.
    3. -, 2020. "Education in the time of COVID-19," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45905 edited by Eclac, March.
    4. Premkumar, G. & Roberts, Margaret, 1999. "Adoption of new information technologies in rural small businesses," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 467-484, August.
    5. Mohammad Saleem AL-SHURA & Abdelrahim M. ZABADI & Mohamad ABUGHAZALEH & Marwa A. ALHADI, 2018. "Critical Success Factors for Adopting Cloud Computing in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies," Management and Economics Review, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 3(2), pages 123-137, December.
    6. Bhavik K. Pathak, 2016. "Emerging online educational models and the transformation of traditional universities," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 26(4), pages 315-321, November.
    7. Mouratiadou, Ioanna & Moran, Dominic, 2007. "Mapping public participation in the Water Framework Directive: A case study of the Pinios River Basin, Greece," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 66-76, April.
    8. Moussa P. Blimpo, 2014. "Team Incentives for Education in Developing Countries: A Randomized Field Experiment in Benin," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 6(4), pages 90-109, October.
    9. Peter Navarro, 2015. "How Economics Faculty Can Survive (and Perhaps Thrive) in a Brave New Online World," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(4), pages 155-176, Fall.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carina S. González-González & Alfonso Infante-Moro & Juan C. Infante-Moro, 2020. "Implementation of E-Proctoring in Online Teaching: A Study about Motivational Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Amith Khandakar & Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury & Md. Saifuddin Khalid & Nizar Zorba, 2022. "Case Study of Multi-Course Project-Based Learning and Online Assessment in Electrical Engineering Courses during COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Kareema Ali & Daniel Burgos & Saida Affouneh, 2023. "Educational Loss at Times of Crisis: The Role of Games in Students’ Learning in Palestine and Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
    4. José M. Ramírez-Hurtado & Alfredo G. Hernández-Díaz & Ana D. López-Sánchez & Víctor E. Pérez-León, 2021. "Measuring Online Teaching Service Quality in Higher Education in the COVID-19 Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Maricar M. Navarro & Yogi Tri Prasetyo & Michael Nayat Young & Reny Nadlifatin & Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira Redi, 2021. "The Perceived Satisfaction in Utilizing Learning Management System among Engineering Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Integrating Task Technology Fit and Extended Technology Acceptance Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Hülya Tuncer & Tuçe Öztürk Karataş, 2022. "Recommendations of ELT Students for Four Language Skills Development: A Study on Emergency Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.
    7. Monica Ioana Burcă-Voicu & Romana Emilia Cramarenco & Dan-Cristian Dabija, 2022. "Investigating Learners’ Teaching Format Preferences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Investigation on an Emerging Market," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-21, September.
    8. Seung-hye Jung & Joon-ho Kim & Ha-na Cho & Hae-won Lee & Hyun-ju Choi, 2021. "Brand Personality of Korean Dance and Sustainable Behavioral Intention of Global Consumers in Four Countries: Focusing on the Technological Acceptance Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    9. -, 2021. "The economic autonomy of women in a sustainable recovery with equality," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 46634 edited by Eclac, March.
    10. Thanwamas Kassanuk & Khongdet Phasinam, 2023. "A Hybrid Binary Bird Swarm Optimization (BSO) and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) for VM Allocation and Load Balancing in Cloud," International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing (IJCAC), IGI Global, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, January.
    11. Irfan, Erum & Ali, Yousaf & Sabir, Muhammad, 2022. "Analysing role of businesses’ investment in digital literacy: A case of Pakistan," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    12. Dan Goldhaber & Scott A. Imberman & Katharine O. Strunk & Bryant G. Hopkins & Nate Brown & Erica Harbatkin & Tara Kilbride, 2022. "To What Extent Does In‐Person Schooling Contribute To The Spread Of Covid‐19? Evidence From Michigan And Washington," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(1), pages 318-349, January.
    13. Albert G. Zeufack & Cesar Calderon & Gerard Kambou & Calvin Z. Djiofack & Megumi Kubota & Vijdan Korman & Catalina Cantu Canales, "undated". "Africa's Pulse, No. 21, Spring 2020 [Africa's Pulse]," World Bank Publications - Reports 33541, The World Bank Group.
    14. Corneliu C. Simuț & Laurențiu Petrila & Felix-Angel Popescu & Ionuț Mihai Oprea, 2021. "Challenges and Opportunities for Telecommuting in the School System: Building a Sustainable Online Education in the Context of the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-21, September.
    15. Kaye Anne Rosales & Carlos Eduardo Legaspi Jr., 2022. "Quality and Implementation of Social Science Printed Modular Distance Learning in Public Senior High Schools," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 32(1), pages 257-266, June.
    16. -, 2021. "The recovery paradox in Latin America and the Caribbean Growth amid persisting structural problems: inequality, poverty and low investment and productivity," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 47059 edited by Eclac, March.
    17. Valentin Kuleto & Milena P. Ilić & Nevenka Popović Šević & Marko Ranković & Dušan Stojaković & Milutin Dobrilović, 2021. "Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Teaching Process in Higher Education in the Republic of Serbia during COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    18. Elisabeth Noehammer, 2022. "Students and Staff in Lockdown: Mental and Social Health in the Austrian Tertiary Education Sector," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    19. Eilis Tobin & Carola Hieker, 2021. "What the EdTech Experience in Refugee Camps Can Teach Us in Times of School Closure. Blended Learning, Modular and Mobile Programs Are Key to Keeping Disadvantaged Learners in Education," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, July.
    20. Maria-Anca Maican & Elena Cocoradă, 2021. "Online Foreign Language Learning in Higher Education and Its Correlates during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:8112-:d:854632. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.