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Stabilising Rural Roads with Waste Streams in Colombia as an Environmental Strategy Based on a Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

Author

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  • Alejandra Balaguera

    (UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pompeu Fabra University, Passeig Pujades 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • Jaume Alberti

    (UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pompeu Fabra University, Passeig Pujades 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Gloria I. Carvajal

    (Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • Pere Fullana-i-Palmer

    (UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pompeu Fabra University, Passeig Pujades 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Roads with low traffic volume link rural settlements together and connect them with urban centres, mobilising goods and agricultural products, and facilitating the transportation of people. In Colombia, most of these roads are in poor conditions, causing social, economic, and environmental problems, and significantly affecting the mobility, security, and economic progress of the country and its inhabitants. Therefore, it is essential to implement strategies to improve such roads, keeping in mind technical, economic, and environmental criteria. This article shows the results of the application of the environmental life cycle assessment—LCA—to sections of two low-traffic roads located in two different sites in Colombia: one in the Urrao area (Antioquia), located in the centre of the country; and another in La Paz (Cesar), located in the northeast of the country. Each segment was stabilised with alternative materials such as brick dust, fly ash, sulfonated oil, and polymer. The analysis was carried out in three stages: the first was the manufacture of the stabiliser; the second included preliminary actions that ranged from the search for the material to its placement on site; and the third was the stabilisation process, which included the entire application process, from the stabiliser to the road. The environmental impacts are mainly found in the manufacture of stabilisers (60% of the total), for sulfonated oil or polymer, due to the different compounds used during production, before their use as stabilisers. The impact categories with the greatest influence were abiotic depletion potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP) and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP). For the stabilisation stage (impact between 40% and 99%), ash and brick dust have the highest impacts. The impact categories most influenced in this stage were: acidification potential (AP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP), human toxicity potential (HTP), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP).

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandra Balaguera & Jaume Alberti & Gloria I. Carvajal & Pere Fullana-i-Palmer, 2021. "Stabilising Rural Roads with Waste Streams in Colombia as an Environmental Strategy Based on a Life Cycle Assessment Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2458-:d:505263
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmad Faiz Abd Rashid & Juferi Idris & Sumiani Yusoff, 2017. "Environmental Impact Analysis on Residential Building in Malaysia Using Life Cycle Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Peter Mackie & John Nellthorp & James Laird, 2005. "Low Volume Rural Roads," World Bank Publications - Reports 11805, The World Bank Group.
    3. Johnson, Derek R. & Heltzel, Robert & Nix, Andrew C. & Clark, Nigel & Darzi, Mahdi, 2017. "Greenhouse gas emissions and fuel efficiency of in-use high horsepower diesel, dual fuel, and natural gas engines for unconventional well development," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 739-750.
    4. Pere Fullana i Palmer & Rita Puig & Alba Bala & Grau Baquero & Jordi Riba & Marco Raugei, 2011. "From Life Cycle Assessment to Life Cycle Management," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 15(3), pages 458-475, June.
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    1. Zhiqiang Liu & Shitong Jia & Zixing Wang & Caiyun Guo & Yanqi Niu, 2022. "A Measurement Model and Empirical Analysis of the Coordinated Development of Rural E-Commerce Logistics and Agricultural Modernization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, October.

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