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Measuring Walkability with GIS—Methods Overview and New Approach Proposal

Author

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  • Agnieszka Telega

    (Department of Real Estate and Investment Economics, Cracow University of Economics, 31-510 Kraków, Poland)

  • Ivan Telega

    (Department of Mathematics, Cracow University of Economics, 31-510 Kraków, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Bieda

    (Department of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing of Environment and Spatial Engineering, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Cities occupy only about 3% of the Earth’s surface area, but half of the global population lives in them. The high population density in urban areas requires special actions to make these areas develop sustainably. One of the greatest challenges of the modern world is to organize urban spaces in a way to make them attractive, safe and friendly to people living in cities. This can be managed with the help of a number of indicators, one of which is walkability. Of course, the most complete analyses are based on spatial data, and the easiest way to implement them is using GIS tools. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to present a new approach for measuring walkability, which is based on density maps of specific urban functions and networks of generally accessible pavements and paths. The method is implemented using open-source data. Density values are interpolated from point data (urban objects featuring specific functions) and polygons (pedestrian infrastructure) using Kernel Density and Line Density tools in GIS. The obtained values allow the calculation of a synthetic indicator taking into account the access by means of pedestrian infrastructure to public transport stops, parks and recreation areas, various attractions, shops and services. The proposed method was applied to calculate the walkability for Kraków (the second largest city in Poland). The greatest value of walkability was obtained for the Main Square (central part of the Old Town). The least accessible to pedestrians are, on the other hand, areas located on the outskirts of the city, which are intended for extensive industrial areas, single-family housing or large green areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Telega & Ivan Telega & Agnieszka Bieda, 2021. "Measuring Walkability with GIS—Methods Overview and New Approach Proposal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:1883-:d:496625
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Sungduck Lee & Emily Talen, 2014. "Measuring Walkability: A Note on Auditing Methods," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 368-388, May.
    4. Kukulska-Kozieł, Anita & Szylar, Marta & Cegielska, Katarzyna & Noszczyk, Tomasz & Hernik, Józef & Gawroński, Krzysztof & Dixon-Gough, Robert & Jombach, Sándor & Valánszki, István & Filepné Kovács, Kr, 2019. "Towards three decades of spatial development transformation in two contrasting post-Soviet cities—Kraków and Budapest," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 328-339.
    5. Andy Carswell & Velma Zahirovic-Herbert & Karen Gibler, 2016. "Who cares about Walk Scores? A quantile approach to residential house prices and walkability," ERES eres2016_141, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
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    Cited by:

    1. Agnieszka Bieda & Agnieszka Telega, 2021. "The Analysis of Research Hotspots in the Field of Urban Quality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-6, August.
    2. Hadas Shadar & Dalit Shach-Pinsly, 2024. "Maintaining Community Resilience through Urban Renewal Processes Using Architectural and Planning Guidelines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Ogryzek, Marek & Podawca, Konrad & Cienciała, Agnieszka, 2022. "Geospatial tools in the analyses of land use in the perspective of the accessibility of selected educational services in Poland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).

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